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To understand how chemical exposure can impact health, researchers need tools that capture the complexities of personal chemical exposure. In practice, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality index (AQI) data from outdoor stationary monitors and Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke density data from satellites are often used as proxies for personal chemical exposure, but do not capture total chemical exposure. Silicone wristbands can quantify more individualized exposure data than stationary air monitors or smoke satellites. However, it is not understood how these proxy measurements compare to chemical data measured from wristbands. In this study, participants wore daily wristbands, carried a phone that recorded locations, and answered daily questionnaires for a 7‐day period in multiple seasons. We gathered publicly available daily PM2.5 AQI data and HMS data. We analyzed wristbands for 94 organic chemicals, including 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Wristband chemical detections and concentrations, behavioral variables (e.g., time spent indoors), and environmental conditions (e.g., PM2.5 AQI) significantly differed between seasons. Machine learning models were fit to predict personal chemical exposure using PM2.5 AQI only, HMS only, and a multivariate feature set including PM2.5 AQI, HMS, and other environmental and behavioral information. On average, the multivariate models increased predictive accuracy by approximately 70% compared to either the AQI model or the HMS model for all chemicals modeled. This study provides evidence that PM2.5 AQI data alone or HMS data alone is insufficient to explain personal chemical exposures. Our results identify additional key predictors of personal chemical exposure.
To understand how chemical exposure can impact health, researchers need tools that capture the complexities of personal chemical exposure. In practice, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality index (AQI) data from outdoor stationary monitors and Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke density data from satellites are often used as proxies for personal chemical exposure, but do not capture total chemical exposure. Silicone wristbands can quantify more individualized exposure data than stationary air monitors or smoke satellites. However, it is not understood how these proxy measurements compare to chemical data measured from wristbands. In this study, participants wore daily wristbands, carried a phone that recorded locations, and answered daily questionnaires for a 7‐day period in multiple seasons. We gathered publicly available daily PM2.5 AQI data and HMS data. We analyzed wristbands for 94 organic chemicals, including 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Wristband chemical detections and concentrations, behavioral variables (e.g., time spent indoors), and environmental conditions (e.g., PM2.5 AQI) significantly differed between seasons. Machine learning models were fit to predict personal chemical exposure using PM2.5 AQI only, HMS only, and a multivariate feature set including PM2.5 AQI, HMS, and other environmental and behavioral information. On average, the multivariate models increased predictive accuracy by approximately 70% compared to either the AQI model or the HMS model for all chemicals modeled. This study provides evidence that PM2.5 AQI data alone or HMS data alone is insufficient to explain personal chemical exposures. Our results identify additional key predictors of personal chemical exposure.
While collaborative robots have made headlines through recent industrial applications, they are not as widespread in industry as it may seem. The authors of this paper believe that one reason for this slow uptake is due to the high requirements on the safety and the lack of engineering tools for analyzing collaborative robotics applications. Systems engineering provides a good framework for creating the engineering tools needed for faster and more reliable deployment, but has only recently been applied to robotics challenges. In this paper, we discuss the state of the art for designing robotics applications featuring human-robot collaboration (HRC) and then review existing systems engineering approaches, which could offer support. Our review aims to support the robotics community in the future development of engineering tools to better understand, plan, and implement applications featuring collaborative robotics. CCS Concepts • Applied computing➝ Physical sciences and engineering ➝ Engineering➝ Computer-aided design.
Fecha de recepción: 30 de octubre de 2018 Fecha de aceptación: 16 de diciembre de 2018 RESUMEN: En este trabajo se muestra cómo distintos grupos de actores interactúan en el campo festivo intensificando sus relaciones sociales. Al mismo tiempo, dicha intensificación tiene como una de sus consecuencias más significativas la aparición del discurso identitario de forma más explícita. El contexto de la investigación es un territorio rural de La Raya, la frontera entre España y Portugal, y sirve también para exponer cómo la cooperación, no exenta de momentos de conflicto, y esencial en el mundo rural tradicional, ha ido cambiando desde el último cuarto del siglo XX hasta la actualidad.ABSTRACT: This work shows how different groups of actors interact in the festive field intensifying their social relationships. At the same time, that this intensification has as one of its most significant consequences the emergence of identity discourse in a more explicit way. The context of the research is a rural territory of La Raya, the border between Spain and Portugal, and also serves to show how cooperation, not exempt from moments of conflict, and essential in the traditional rural world, has been changing since the last quarter of the twentieth century to the present.RESUMO: Este trabalho mostra como diferentes grupos de atores interagem no campo festivo intensificando suas relações sociais. Ao mesmo tempo, essa intensificação tem como uma de suas consequências mais significativas o surgimento do discurso identitário de forma mais explícita. O contexto da pesquisa é um território rural de La Raya, a fronteira entre Espanha e Portugal, e também serve para mostrar como a cooperação, não isenta de momentos de conflito e essencial no mundo rural tradicional, vem mudando desde a última quarto do século XX até o presente.Palavras Chave: cooperação; conflito; festa; identidade; rural. I. IntroducciónEl trabajo que se presenta forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la identidad y las relaciones sociales, la cual se está llevando a cabo en la frontera hispano-portuguesa, conocida como La Raya, concretamente, en la localidad de La Encina, perteneciente a la provincia de Salamanca, en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León. El estudio se centra en los distintos discursos y prácticas de carácter identitario que aparecen entre los diferentes actores que pueblan este territorio, y en las relaciones que se establecen entre dichos grupos.El contexto socio-cultural es fruto de un proceso de transformación que tiene como punto definitorio la fuerte oleada de emigración que se produjo, principalmente, a mediados del siglo XX. A su vez, este proce-Vecinos, veraneantes y retornados en la raya española: la fiesta como intensificador de las relaciones sociales.
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