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Abstract

Aphanius furcatus-known as scaleless tooth-carp-is a unique species of the genus Aphanius, endemic to the drainage of the Hormuzgan, Persian Gulf Basin in southern Iran. This species has not yet assessed in the list of IUCN's Red Data Book. Investigation of the current distribution and estimation of the individual abundance revealed that the abundance of A. furcatus is low, and it has low population sizes in their current distribution ranges. In addition, its current habitats are under several threats due to the recent severe drought in southern Iran, contamination and habitat destruction. Therefore, immediate necessary plans should be taking into consideration to conserve this unique Aphanius species.