1,2,4-triazolyldithiocarbamate silver nano conjugate: potent seed priming agent against bakanae disease of rice (Oryzae sativa)

Optimization of green silver nanoparticles as nanofungicides for management of rice bakanae disease

“…In this study, AgNPs exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against all three Fusarium strains in a concentration-dependent manner (i.e., increasing the concentration of AgNPs resulted in increased mycelial growth inhibition). A similar concentration-dependent relationship between AgNPs and antifungal activity was previously reported [ 2 , 35 ]. Moreover, the EC 50 values of AgNPs in our study were shown to be 5.50, 5.40, and 2.95 μg/mL for F .…”

“…Moreover, the average diameter of the AgNPs observed by TEM was 15 nm, which is consistent with a previous study that reported an average size of 20 nm [ 10 ]. On the contrary, the average sizes of chemically synthesized AgNPs and their TATC conjugates were reported to be 24.83 ± 7.23 and 45.48 ± 5.13 nm [ 35 ], therefore, much larger than the average size of the present study.…”

“…Moreover, Ai LAE-AgNPs at a concentration of 400 μg/mL reported a maximum of 89% mycelial growth inhibition against Fusarium species in a previous study [ 38 ]. In another study, complete mycelial growth inhibition (100%) was noticed at 25 μg/mL by TDTC-AgNPs [ 35 ]. This study also reported 10 6 times better antifungal activity of the conjugate against F .…”

“…Moreover, green AgNPs can act as antifungal agents against the plant pathogen Fusarium in rice seeds with high efficacy and safety. Although tomato plants treated with chemically synthesized AgNPs showed a significant reduction in early blight disease [ 35 ], Fusarium strain-infected rice plants treated with green AgNPs (17.24 μg/mL) in net-house conditions were noticed to be fully cured from the disease and had the appearance as normal rice plants ( Fig. 8 E).…”

“…8 E). AgNPs have been reported to display significant antibacterial effects under in vitro conditions at 100 μg/mL [ 35 ], which is higher than the permitted level established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).…”