1,2‐Dinitrile polymers. I. Hompolymers and copolymers of fumaronitrile, maleonitrile, and succinonitrile

Abstract

Homopolymers and copolymers of fumaronitrile, maleonitrile, and succinonitrile have been prepared by using medium high temperature free‐radical initiators. Black, nonfusible but soluble polymers were obtained. The spectroscopic and chemical evidence indicated a structure containing α‐pyrrolenine rings and no free nitrile groups in the fumaronitrile and maleonitrile polymers and 1‐pyrroline rings and free nitrile groups in the succinonitrile polymers. The polymers possessed good thermal stability, free spin concentration of 1017–1018 spins/g, and an ac conductivity at room temperature in nitrogen of 10−6 to 10−8 ohm−1 cm−1.

Submerged Liquid Plasma for the Synthesis of Unconventional Nitrogen Polymers

“…Under a plasma condition, methanol21, ethanol102223, and other saturated aliphatic organic compounds form less stable radical species and polymerization is not favorable. In contrast, organic compounds with either unsaturated or high-energy functional groups (e.g., C = C, C = N, and C≡N) form stable free-radical monomers and initiate the polymerization reaction2425. The formation of a plasma polymer in a submerged condition depends on the nature of the plasma formed, the chemical structure of the precursor, and the precursor functional group26.…”

Grafting of cellophane films using magnetron‐enhanced plasma polymerization

“…16 Such ketone-imine is more likely to be formed at low Rf power, and hence may have been a solvent such as water. 16 Such ketone-imine is more likely to be formed at low Rf power, and hence may have been a solvent such as water.…”

Surface functionalization by RF plasma deposition of ethylene diamine, acrylonitrile, and acetonitrile

“…Though, the concentration of nitrile groups is low because the radicals may attack nitrile carbon more than the double bond. 26 The carbon in cyano groups is easily attacked by electrons, ions and nitrogen in cyano groups is sensitive to radicals. Thus, most of it recombines to form amine, imine or amide groups.…”