“…Although the exact etiology of UC remains uncertain, activation of NF‐κB pathway is related to both pathogenesis and exacerbation of UC. Activated NF‐κB signaling pathway released pro‐inflammatory factors IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α (Liang et al, 2017; Xin et al, 2019), which in turn further activated NF‐κB pathway, and promoted the pathogenesis of UC. In resting state, NF‐κB locates in cytoplasm and binds to inhibitory protein IκBs (Shi, Lindholm, & Sarna, 2003), when being stimulated by inflammatory response mediators, IκBs are phosphorylated by IKKs, then being degraded by proteases, eventually activate NF‐κB signaling (Wang, Tang, Duan, & Yang, 2018).…”