1-(3,5-Dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (HCPT) and its energetic salts: highly thermally stable energetic materials with high-performance

Li, Chuan; Zhang, Man; Chen, Qishan; Li, Yingying; Gao, Huiqi; Fu, Wei; Zhou, Zhiming

doi:10.1039/c6dt03748h

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There has been a considerable amount of research in the field of thermally stable explosives during the last decade and as a result, a number of explosives have been reported in the literature [31–51] . A brief description of their synthetic aspects, structural analysis, thermal and explosive properties are given in this section & Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same team of researchers [45] has also reported 1‐(3,5‐dinitro‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐3‐nitro‐1 H ‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐amine, abbreviated as HCPT [Explosive 3] and its several energetic salts. Among its several salts, Guanidinium Salt (assigned as Explosive 7) is of special interest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) HCPT or Explosive 3 which was originally developed by Zhang & Zhou et al [45] . (Table 2) as a thermally stable explosive appears to be better than β‐HMX in terms of calculated VOD (9167 m s −1 ), impact & friction sensitivity but inferior in respect of density & thermal stability and therefore, virgin as well as its formulations need further evaluation in the light of tests given under Section 2.1.3 [Newly Reported Thermally Stable Explosives] in order to validate its potential for applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Novel High Energy Materials for Improved Performance**

Agrawal

Dodke²

2021

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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High Energy Materials (HEMs) is a generic/umbrella term which is used for explosives, propellants & pyrotechnics and form an integral part of almost all weapon systems. A large number of HEMs have been reported in the literature in last few decades. This review paper discusses these HEMs in the light of a new classification of explosives proposed by Agrawal: Thermally stable or Heat‐resistant explosives, High performance (high density & high velocity of detonation) explosives, Melt‐Castable explosives, Insensitive high explosives (IHEs), Energetic binders & plasticizers and Novel energetic materials synthesized with the use of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) technology. This review also critically examines these HEMs from the angles of scalability, processability, safety, reliability and performance in order to ascertain their potential for applications. In the end, problems associated with the use of currently available energetic materials & their likely solutions and areas for further research are also highlighted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Novel High Energy Materials for Improved Performance**

Agrawal

Dodke²

2021

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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“…of 'salt explosives' i. e. 3,3'-Diamino-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrodiphenylamine (DAHNDPA) and Potassium salt of 3,3'-diamino-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrodiphenylamine (KDAHNDPA) [17] (Table 1) clearly indicates that the 'salt explosive' KDAHNDPA is more thermally stable. Similarly, a comparison of explosive 1-(3,5-Dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (HCPT) and its guanidinium salt brings out that 'salt explosive' i. e. guanidinium salt is more thermally stable [18]. It is because ionic salts are made up of positive & negative ions arranged in a regular pattern in a lattice.…”

Section: Salt Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Approaches (Salt Formation & Introduction of Amino Group/s) for Imparting/Improving Thermal Stability of Explosives, Part I

Agrawal¹,

Dodke²

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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There are 4 general approaches for imparting or improving the thermal stability of explosives -'Salt Formation', 'Introduction of Amino Group/s', 'Introduction of Conjugation' & 'Condensation with a Triazole ring' as proposed by Agrawal which were supported by some typical examples. In this review paper, we report additional examples of explosives scattered over in the literature to validate the 'Salt Formation' & 'Introduction of Amino Group/s' approaches for imparting/improving the thermal stability of explosives. Wherever data is not available in the literature, the same has been calculated using Energetic Materials Designing Bench (EMDB), Version 1.0. The data generated on a large number of explosives bring out validation of 'Salt Formation' & 'Introduction of Amino Group/s' approaches for imparting/improving the thermal stability of explosives. Further, as the number of amino group/s increases, thermal stability also increases. In addition, density, impact sensitivity & velocity of detonation data of these explosives which are also essential from their application point of view, have been reported. This study also reveals that explosives TAHNDPA, TADTNPEDA, TADTNPATNB & KTAHND-PA (Table 2) appear to be potentially better thermally stable explosives than TATB, a benchmark thermally stable explosive at present.

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“…In addition, introduction of polynitrogen heterocycle and formation of energetic salts are main methods to improve the thermal stability of explosives [ 100 ]. In 2016, a heat-resistant energetic material, compound 59 bearing triazole ring, was synthesized using 5-amino-3-nitro-1 H -1,2,4-triazole (ANTA) and 3,4,5-trinitrated-1 H -pyrazole (TNP), and several salts based on it were developed by Zhou et al [ 101 ] ( Figure 21 , Scheme A). As shown in Table 10 , compound 59 had high decomposition temperature (270 °C) and high positive HOF (833 kJ·mol −1 ).…”

Section: Nitrated-monopyrazole Based Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds

et al. 2020

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Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.

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1-(3,5-Dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (HCPT) and its energetic salts: highly thermally stable energetic materials with high-performance

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Some Novel High Energy Materials for Improved Performance**

Some Novel High Energy Materials for Improved Performance**

Validation of Approaches (Salt Formation & Introduction of Amino Group/s) for Imparting/Improving Thermal Stability of Explosives, Part I

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds

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