1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene fluorophore as a selective Cu²⁺sensor in aqueous media

Abstract

Three water-soluble fluorophores are synthesized from 1,3,5-tris-(4'-iodophenyl)benzene. The compound with salicylate groups exhibits a selective fluorescent quenching by Cu(2+)via a static quenching mechanism. The addition of Triton X-100 improves the quantum efficiency of the fluorophore as well as the detection limit for Cu(2+) from 6.49 to 0.19 ppb.

Salicylyl Fluorene Derivatives as Fluorescent Sensors for Cu(II) Ions

“…There have been a few reports on the addition of surfactants, which can enhance the sensitivities for this class of fluorescent sensors [15,17]. The work by Chattopadhyay [22] demonstrated the addition of the anionic SDS as a simple way to maximize the efficiency of an indoloquinolizine fluorosensor for Cu(II).…”

“…Recent examples of research works on fluorescent detection of Cu(II) in the literatures demonstrated the use of phenanthrene-base calix [4]arene [10], coumarin [11], dansyl-antipyrine dyad [12], and benzoimidazole [13] as the sensors. In our research program, we aim to design and construct a library of fluorophores which exhibited selective fluorogenic responses towards metal (II) ions, proteins, and nitroaromatic compounds in solution phase [15][16][17][18][19]. In this paper we reported the synthesis and study of fluorescent compounds 1-2 (Scheme 1) which contain fluorene as the fluorescent signal transducer and the salicylic acid groups as the receptor for metal ions.…”

Pyridoxal Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Detection of Copper(II) in Solution With Moderate Selectivity and Live Cell Imaging

“…Pyridoxal hydrochloride (0.406 g, 2 mM) was dissolved in absolute methanol (15 mL The Schiff base ligand HL was synthesized by condensing pyridoxal hydrochloride with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine under reflux in MeOH and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy (Fig. 1).…”

“…However, all of these methods require expensive and sophisticated instruments combined with complicated sample pretreatment and therefore impractical for a real-time experiment. Recently, metalselective fluorescent chemosensors have attracted intense attention for their simple, economical and real-time tracking of metal ions in environmental samples [11,12] Cu 2+ is a typical ion that leads to decreased fluorescent emissions owing to quenching of the fluorescence by mechanisms inherent to the paramagnetic species [13,14].…”

A terbium-based time-resolved luminescent probe for sulfide ions mediated by copper in aqueous solution

“…In view of the critical role of copper ion in the biological systems and environment, development of rapid and sensitive probes for the detection of Cu 2+ in biological and environment systems becomes very important. Due to the paramagnetic nature of Cu 2+ , the binding of Cu 2+ could induce intrinsic fluorescence quenching and lead to a turn-off signal [5,6]. Interestingly, the resultant non-fluorescence ensemble Cu 2+ complex could be explored as an anion selective probe.…”