1,3-Butadiene and leukemia among synthetic rubber industry workers: Exposure–response relationships

“…Some of the selected gas-phase constituents have been reported as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). For example, IARC has listed benzene as a group 1 carcinogen and 1,3-butadiene as a group 2A carcinogen; the latter also appears to play some role in cardiovascular disease (Penn & Snyder, 1996, and occupational exposure has been associated with leukemia (Cheng, Sathiakumar, Graff, Matthews, & Delzell, 2007). Based on toxicological risk assessment approaches (Fowles & Dybing, 2003;Hausmann, Rustemeier, & Evles, 2001;Menzie Cura Associates Inc., 1999) and published potencies and threshold values, some of these gas-phase constituents have been found to be respiratory and cardiovascular toxicants and carcinogens.…”

Section: -Ohp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers switched to carbon-filtered cigarettes in short-term and long-term clinical studies

Sarkar¹,

Kapur²,

Frost-Pineda³

et al. 2008

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol that includes a gas vapor phase and a particulate phase. Inclusion of activated carbon in the cigarette filter can reduce some of the gas-phase smoke constituents implicated as toxicologically relevant. The present study evaluated exposure to selected gas-phase constituents when adult smokers switched to prototype cigarettes with a highly activated carbon filter. Smokers (N = 160) in two separate studies were randomized to continue to smoke conventional cigarettes (either a 6-mg or 11-mg FTC tar product), to smoke test cigarettes containing carbon filters (comparable tar levels), or to stop smoking. After completing 8 days in controlled smoking conditions (short-term studies), smokers had the option to continue in 24-week long-term ambulatory studies with unrestricted smoking. Urinary excretion of mercapturic acid metabolites of 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, and benzene; nicotine and five of its metabolites, total NNAL, and 1-hydroxypyrene were measured at baseline in the conventional cigarette group, in all groups in the short-term studies, and every 4 weeks in the long-term studies. In the short-term studies, statistically significant reductions (>70%, p<.001) in gas-phase biomarker levels were observed in the test cigarette group for both tar level products compared with the conventional cigarette group. These reductions were similar to those observed in the stop-smoking groups. The reductions continued consistently (p<.001) throughout the long-term studies. Switching to test cigarettes minimally affected the particulate-phase biomarkers. Statistically significant and consistent reductions in selected gas vapor phase biomarkers were observed when smokers switched to activated carbon filter cigarettes.

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“…Inhalation exposure to BD is associated with the development of lung tumors in laboratory mice, but not in rats(13). In epidemiologic studies, investigators found that workers occupationally exposed to BD had an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia(13, 16). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,3-Butadiene Exposure and Metabolism among Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, and White Smokers

Park

Kotapati

Wilkens

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background We hypothesize that the differences in lung cancer risk in Native Hawaiians (NH), whites and Japanese Americans (JA), may in part be due to variation in the metabolism of 1,3-butadiene (BD), one of the most abundant carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Methods We measured two biomarkers of BD exposure, monohydroxybutyl mercapturic acid (MHBMA) and dihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid (DHBMA) in overnight urine samples among 585 NH, JA and white smokers in Hawaii. These values were normalized to creatinine levels. Ethnic-specific geometric means were compared adjusting for age at urine collection, sex, body mass index and nicotine equivalents (a marker of total nicotine uptake). Results We found that mean urinary MHBMA differed by race/ethnicity (p=0.0002). The values were highest in whites and lowest in JA. This difference was only observed in individuals with the GSTT1-null genotype (p=0.0001). No difference across race/ethnicity was found among those with at least one copy of the GSTT1 gene (p≥0.72). Mean urinary DHBMA did not differ across racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions The difference in urinary MHBMA excretion levels from cigarette smoking across three ethnic groups is in part explained by the GSTT1 genotype. Mean urinary MHBMA levels are higher in whites among GSTT1-null smokers. Impact The overall higher excretion levels of MHBMA in whites and lower levels of MHBMA in JA are consistent with the higher lung cancer risk in the former. However, the excretion levels of MHBMA in NH are not consistent with and, thus, unlikely to explain, their high risk of lung cancer.

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1,3-Butadiene and leukemia among synthetic rubber industry workers: Exposure–response relationships

Cited by 74 publications

References 10 publications

A comprehensive review of occupational and general population cancer risk: 1,3-Butadiene exposure–response modeling for all leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myeloid neoplasm and lymphoid neoplasm

A comprehensive review of occupational and general population cancer risk: 1,3-Butadiene exposure–response modeling for all leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myeloid neoplasm and lymphoid neoplasm

Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers switched to carbon-filtered cigarettes in short-term and long-term clinical studies

1,3-Butadiene Exposure and Metabolism among Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, and White Smokers

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