“…Over the past decade, several catalysts such as H 2 SO 4, [ 11 ] trifluoroacetic acid, [ 12 ] mesoporous NH 4 H 2 PO 4 /MCM‐41, [ 13 ] zeolite‐supported heteropolyacid, [ 14 ] silica‐bonded S ‐sulfonic acid, [ 15 ] silica‐bonded N ‐propyl sulfamic acid, [ 16 ] and MCM‐41‐anchored sulfonic acid, [ 17 ] potassium fluoride‐modified clay [ 18 ] LaCL 3 –graphite, [ 19 ] phytic acid, [ 20 ] bioglycerol‐based sulfonic acid functionalized carbon, [ 8 ] sulfonated carbon materials (SCM), [ 21 ] phosphor tungstic acid, [ 22 ] phthalimide‐ N ‐sulfonic acid (PISA), [ 23 ] Fe 3 O 4 NPs, [ 24 ] Hf(OTf) 4 , [ 25 ] Cu(II) metal–organic framework, [ 26 ] Punica granatum peel, [ 27 ] zeolite‐supported HPA, [ 14 ] cellulose sulfuric acid, [ 28 ] Copper(II) Sulfamate, [ 29 ] Cu–EDTA‐modified APTMS‐Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , [ 30 ] BiVO 4 ‐NPs, [ 31 ] [C 16 Im][Oxa], [ 32 ] Preyssler heteropolyacid supported on silica coated NiFe 2 O 4 , [ 33 ] nanoZnO, [ 34 ] Co(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O, [ 35 ] pineapple juice, [ 36 ] [Et 3 N–SO 3 H]H 2 SO 4 , [ 37 ] [Dsbim]Cl ionic liquid, [ 38 ] CF 3 SO 3 Ag, [ 39 ] [Simp]HSO 4 , [ 40 ] Fe 3 O 4 /PAA–SO 3 H [ 41 ] have been investigated to catalyze the Biginelli reaction.…”