1.4.2 Laboratory and mass rearing

Rose, Mike; Stauffer, Steve

doi:10.1016/s1572-4379(97)80068-1

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Adults of A. melinus used in the assays were reared in the facilities of the University of Sevilla, following the method developed by DeBach & White (1960) for rearing Aphytis lignanensis and later modif ied by others (Rose, 1990;Raciti et al, 2003). The procedure is based on first rearing the host (a parthenogenetic strain of Aspidiotus nerii Bouché) on butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Lamarck).…”

Section: Insect Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side effects of different pesticides used in citrus on the adult stage of the parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae) and its progeny

González-Zamora

Castillo

Avilla

2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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Twelve pesticides commonly used in citrus in Spain were tested on adults of Aphytis melinus DeBach to determine their effects on parasitoid survival and fecundity, and the duration of the residue of each pesticide. Six of these pesticides were found to be harmless to moderately harmful to this parasitoid in a laboratory assay in closed Petri dishes: spinosad (bait formulation), azadirachtin, fenbutatin, fosetyl-Al, copper oxichloride, and mancozeb, with their scores on the reduction of beneficial capacity (RBC) index being between 21.4 and 94.6% after one week. The other six pesticides classified as harmful were tested on citrus plants to study their persistence over time under greenhouse conditions: Pirimicarb, pyriproxifen, paraffinic oil, abamectin, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin. Most of these products reduced their negative effect on adults of A. melinus between one and six weeks after treatment, although lambda-cyhalothrin was still harmful to parasitoids 11 weeks after application. This information can help growers and consultants to make decisions about pesticide selection and application timing in citrus in order to support IPM implementation when A. melinus is present.

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Section: Insect Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side effects of different pesticides used in citrus on the adult stage of the parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae) and its progeny

González-Zamora

Castillo

Avilla

2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Different uppercase letters above columns within a sampling date indicate differences at better than 10% signiÞcance, different lowercase letters indicate differences at better than 5% signiÞcance, absence of letters indicates nonsigniÞcant differences (P Ͼ 10%). Least-square means of log-or arcsine square-root transformed values of the numbers of females or the sex ratio, respectively, were compared within each sampling date at signiÞcance levels adjusted for all six possible comparisons according to Sidák (1967 to grow than black scale, the host required for M. helvolus (Rose and Stauffer 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systems for rearing M. helvolus on a commercial scale have been developed. In California, two insectaries sell this parasitoid to growers at a price of approximately $70/1,000 parasitoids(Rose and Stauffer 1997). Actually, it was this relatively high cost of insectary-reared M. helvolus that initially enhanced our interest in M. sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentative Releases of <I>Metaphycus</I> sp. nr <I>flavus</I> Against Citricola Scale on Oranges in the San Joaquin Valley of California: Are Early Releases Better Than Late Ones?

Schweizer¹,

Luck²,

Morse³

2003

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We conducted an augmentative release trial with the encyrtid parasitoid Metaphycus sp. nr flavus (Howard) against citricola scale, Coccus pseudomagniolarum (Kuwana), in three citrus orchards in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Three parasitoid release timings (14 October-13 November, 4 January-5 February, and 26 February-16 March; hereinafter "early," "intermediate," and "late") were compared with a no-release check. Approximately 2,400 female parasitoids were released per central release tree. Late releases were associated with reduced scale survival on the release trees but no evidence of scale suppression was found on adjacent trees. Early and intermediate releases resulted in less pronounced scale suppression than late releases. Intermediate and late, but not early, releases were associated with an increase in the numbers of recovered female M. sp. nr flavus. Early releases, however, increased the numbers of recovered male Metaphycus spp. Thus, at the time of early releases, the scales may have been too small for the production of female parasitoids. A multiple regression model relating the degree of scale mortality in one orchard to the levels of recovered female Metaphycus helvolus (Compere), M. sp. nr flavus, or M. luteolus (Timberlake) (these latter two species are morphologically indistinguishable), and Coccophagus spp., suggested that the number of Coccophagus spp. females followed by M. helvolus females, were most strongly associated with scale mortality.

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“…After this, H. lataniae was bred on butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) in the laboratories of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) La Cruz, Valparaíso Region and then employed as host for A. diaspidis. The laboratory breeding rooms were maintained at 26 ± 2 ºC, 65 ± 5% RH, 14:10 h (L:D) following the breeding techniques described by Rose (1990) and Matadha et al (2004) Blank et al (2000). Each experimental unit consisted of a plastic ring (2.5 cm diameter, 1 cm height) bonded with inert glue to the butternut squash surface infested with a known number of crawlers that were then exposed to parasitoid adults.…”

Section: Species Under Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitoidism Rate and Life Table Parameters of Aphytis diaspidis (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

2012

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), has become a major pest of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Chile and has reached high populations in the fruit because of limited natural control. The objective of this study was to identify the biological parameters of the parasitoid Aphytis diaspidis (Howard) as a control agent of latania scale. Postembryonic development, parasitoidism rate, and life table parameters of the parasitoid and scale were determined under laboratory conditions. Aphytis diaspidis postembryonic development and parasitoidism rate varied significantly when evaluated on distinct latania scale stages with the highest survival (56%) occurring at the third scale stage, it also had the shortest development time between egg and adult (19.14 d) and the highest parasitoidism rate (66%). The intrinsic growth rate (r m ) was higher for A. diaspidis (r m = 0.099) than latania scale (r m = 0.068). These laboratory results demonstrated that A. diaspidis is an effective parasitoid for decreasing H. lataniae populations, especially in the third stage.

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1.4.2 Laboratory and mass rearing

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Side effects of different pesticides used in citrus on the adult stage of the parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae) and its progeny

Side effects of different pesticides used in citrus on the adult stage of the parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae) and its progeny

Augmentative Releases of <I>Metaphycus</I> sp. nr <I>flavus</I> Against Citricola Scale on Oranges in the San Joaquin Valley of California: Are Early Releases Better Than Late Ones?

Parasitoidism Rate and Life Table Parameters of Aphytis diaspidis (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

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