1,4-Dihydropyridines as inhibitors of free-radical reactions

Gene delivery agents possessing antiradical activity: self-assembling cationic amphiphilic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives

“…Earlier it has been reported that several 1,4-DHP derivatives possess antiradical activity (ARA) and antioxidant activity (AOA). 26,27 Antioxidant and antiradical activities were found for an analogue of the cardiovascular drug foridon (riodipine), which contains pyridinium substituents. 27 Noticeably, foridon itself did not possess AOA or ARA.…”

1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives: Dihydronicotinamide Analogues—Model Compounds Targeting Oxidative Stress

“…On the other hand, some DHPs may exert synergistic effects when applied together with other types of AOs [ 39 ]. They can also be involved in the redox regulation of Ca 2+ ion channels [ 40 ].…”

“…Antioxidative activity of 1,4-DHPs was first evaluated and studied in the Latvian IOS (Tirzit and Duburs [ 39 ], Zilber et al [ 44 ], and Dubur et al [ 45 ]).…”

“…Inhibition of mitochondrial AsA-dependent LP and stabilization of mitochondria were shown to be characteristic for a large group of 1,4-DHP compounds [ 112 ], showing to possess the AOA in simplest in vitro systems (Tirzit and Duburs [ 39 ], Zilber et al [ 44 ], and Dubur et al [ 45 ]) based on reactions with the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), LP of fatty acid ester (linethole and methyloleate) emulsions, and phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine) liposomes. Generally, these properties did not coincide with Ca 2+ antagonism.…”

“…Many 1,4-DHPs, including Ca 2+ antagonists and AO, modify LP processes and influence mitochondrial function in various organs (liver, heart, kidney, and brain) in a different way and degree. Their beneficial action, oxygen or lipid free radical scavenging, antioxidative effects, binding with or intercalating into phospholipid bilayer, regulation of ion gating, and regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (Tirzit and Duburs [ 39 ], Zilber et al [ 44 ], and Dubur et al [ 45 ]), separately or in combination with each other, depends on two strong elements: (1) their individual structure including nature of substituents and their positions and (2) the nature of the biological system. For example, the direction of LP (inhibition of promotion) was shown to depend on structure and concentration of applied 1,4-DHPs as well as stages of chain reactions.…”