1-Alkoxymethyl-X-dimethylaminopyridinium-base ionic liquids in wood preservation

Abstract

The following pyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have been successfully tested as components of potential wood preservatives: 1-alkoxymethyl-3-dimethylaminopyridinium chlorides, 1-alkoxymethyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chlorides, 1-alkoxymethyl-3-dimethylaminopyridinium acesulfamates and 1-alkoxymethyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium acesulfamates. These ILs are new biocides that penetrate well into wood. The tested pyridinium ILs with an alkoxymethyl substituent, consisting of 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms, exhibited fungicidal activity against the basidiomycetes Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor and the blue-stain fungus Sclerophoma pityophila. The effective and lethal doses were measured by the agar-plate method and the toxic values, before and after leaching according to EN 84, were determined based on the EN 113 block method. The doses and toxic values of tested 1-decyloxymethyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride and acesulfamate were comparable with benzalkonium chloride and didecyldimethylammonium chloride. The ILs tested were largely unleachable from wood by water. The mechanical properties of wood treated with the former two ILs were lower than natural wood. Wood treated with the chloride and acesulfamate was, however, characterized by lower absorption of free water than the control wood. Only in the case of treatment with acesulfamate was the hygroscopicity of treated wood distinctly lower than that of control wood. The durability of wood was increased by 1-decyloxymethyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride and acesulfamate.

Dissolution and acetylation of ball-milled birch (Betula platyphylla) and bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) in the ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl for HSQC NMR analysis

“…ILs are environmentally friendly recyclable solvents and have attracted increasing attention as solvents for biomass dissolution (Honglu and Tiejun 2006 ;Stasiewicz et al 2008 ;Jia et al 2010 ;Liebner et al 2010 ;Nakamura et al 2010 ;Viell and Marquardt 2011 ). The IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) ( Figure 1 ) is one of the most commonly used ILs for biomass dissolution.…”

Dissolution and acetylation of ball-milled lignocellulosic biomass in ionic liquids at room temperature: application to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of cell-wall components

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are eco-friendly solvents with a potential to be applied in biomass refi nery as shown by increasing research activities on IL in the context of wood research (Honglu and Tiejun 2006 ;Stasiewicz et al 2008 ;Jia et al 2010 ;Liebner et al 2010 ;Nakamura et al 2010 ;Viell and Marquardt 2011 ). ILs have many advantages, such as tunable physicochemical properties, negligible vapor pressure, and thermal stability.…”

Application of ionic liquids for effective use of woody biomass

“…However, an agar medium test demonstrated that both 1-methyl-3-octyloxymethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates and 1-methyl-3-nonyloxymethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates exhibit the same decay-resistant performances as commercially available chemical agents [3]. Moreover, as a result of examining the decay-resistance of wood treated with various ionic liquids containing pyridinium cations, 1-decyloxymethyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride and 1-decyloxymethyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium acesulfamate were reported to confer satisfactory decay-resistance [4]. Figure 3 shows the result of an experiment comparing the combustion of wood treated with ionic liquids, obtained by impregnating samples with the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.…”