“…1,2 Accordingly, digital colorimetric sensor extends the use of colorimetric sensors for a wide range of applications including optoelectronic nose, 3 DNA and protein detection, 4 live cell quantification, 5 and gas monitoring. [6][7][8] In particular, since most energy systems use a variety of gases on a large scale, a real-time gas monitoring technology is essential to implement a highefficiency green energy system and safety management. [9][10][11] In the 21st century, an era of digitalization and hyperconnection, the stable and continuous supply of highcapacity and high-voltage power has become an essential element for the public, industry, and government.…”