1-Dopyl-1,2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethene: A flame retardant hardner for epoxy resin

Howell, Bob A.; Lienhart, Gavan W.; Livingstone, Veronica; Aulakh, Darpandeep

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109110

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Thus, its inherent flammability has considerably limited its widespread application, and improving its flame retardancy to meet application requirements has remained challenging. [3][4][5][6] Traditional flame retardant systems have played an important role in the flame retardancy of polymer materials. In recent years, flame retardants have developed from halogen-based materials to DOI: 10.1002/mame.202100239 nontoxic, low-smoke, oligomeric, and highpolymerization materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioderived Bilayer Shell Modification β‐FeOOH Nanorods via Self‐Assembly Technique as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin

Sui¹,

Dai²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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The design and application of bioderived flame retardants have been widely conducted to meet the concept of green and sustainable development. Here, self-assembly technique is used to prepare core-shell bioderived additives by using -FeOOH as the core and polydopamine (PDA)/tannic acid (TA) bilayer as the shell, following adsorption of nickel ions to enhance the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP). The molecular structure of biobased resources is rich in hydroxyl groups and carbon content, which can be dehydrated and carbonized during combustion and promote the formation of robust protective char layer. With the addition of 5 wt% -FeOOH@PTNi, the EP composites can pass V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. The peak heat release rate and total heat release decrease by 28.4% and 17.4% compared with pure EP. The bioderived nanorods can capture the oxygen free radicals, contributing to flame retarding in gaseous phase. Thus, the release of high-toxic CO and flammable gaseous is significantly suppressed. Besides, the storage modulus of EP composites increases by 16.0% with the addition of 5% -FeOOH@PTNi compared with pure EP. This work provides a sustainable methodology for the design of bioderived flame retardants for EP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioderived Bilayer Shell Modification β‐FeOOH Nanorods via Self‐Assembly Technique as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin

Sui¹,

Dai²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…They are highly aromatic (67% carbon) and contain a high level of phosphorus (10.4%). Both might be expected to undergo thermally induced elimination of DOPO to generate a diarylacetylene which should promote char formation 30,31 . Further, DOPO should undergo decomposition to release PO radical to the gas phase to scavange combustion propagating radicals 32,33 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus esters of1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethene as effective flame retardants for polymeric materials

Howell

Lienhart

2020

Fire and Materials

Self Cite

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Summary 1‐Dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethene has been converted to phosphorus diesters, 1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐diphenylphosphatophenyl)ethene (BDE‐DPP), and 1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐dopyloxyphenyl)ethene (BDE‐DOPO) which have been fully characterized using spectroscopic and thermal methods and assessed as flame retardants in DGEBA epoxy (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A). Both are effective flame retardants. The ester containing diphenylphosphato groups (BDE‐DPP) acts primarily in the condensed phase while that containing only dopyl units acts predominately in the gas phase. DGEBA epoxy containing sufficient 1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐dopyloxyphenyl)ethene to provide 2% phosphorus displays a limiting oxygen index of 28, a peak heat release rate of 506 W/g, and a total heat release of 24 kJ/g.

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“…A series of simple epoxy components was successfully incorporated by Hergenrother et al into an N,N,N′,N′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-methylenedianiline-DDS system at different concentrations ( Figure 10d). A phosphorus-containing diphenolic flameretardant hardener for epoxy, 1-dopyl-1,2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethene was also successfully prepared by treating desoxyanisoin with DOPO in the presence of an acid catalyst [130,131]. ; Tg of the epoxy resin can be reduced by the co-monomers decreasing the cross-linking density.…”

Section: Reactive Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

Kim¹,

Lee

Yoon

2021

Polymers

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Currently, polymers are competing with metals and ceramics to realize various material characteristics, including mechanical and electrical properties. However, most polymers consist of organic matter, making them vulnerable to flames and high-temperature conditions. In addition, the combustion of polymers consisting of different types of organic matter results in various gaseous hazards. Therefore, to minimize the fire damage, there has been a significant demand for developing polymers that are fire resistant or flame retardant. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to design and synthesize thermally stable polymers that are less likely to decompose into combustible gaseous species under high-temperature conditions. Flame retardants can also be introduced to further reinforce the fire performance of polymers. In this review, the combustion process of organic matter, types of flame retardants, and common flammability testing methods are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest research trends in the use of versatile nanofillers to enhance the fire performance of polymeric materials are discussed with an emphasis on their underlying action, advantages, and disadvantages.

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1-Dopyl-1,2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethene: A flame retardant hardner for epoxy resin

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Bioderived Bilayer Shell Modification β‐FeOOH Nanorods via Self‐Assembly Technique as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin

Bioderived Bilayer Shell Modification β‐FeOOH Nanorods via Self‐Assembly Technique as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin

Phosphorus esters of1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethene as effective flame retardants for polymeric materials

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

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