1/f-noise-free optical sensing with an integrated heterodyne interferometer

Jin, Ming; Tang, Shui‐Jing; Chen, Jinhui; Yu, Xiaonan; Shu, Haowen; Tao, Yuansheng; Chen, Antony K.; Gong, Qihuang; Xiao, Yun‐Feng

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22271-4

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…4 B , the fundamental axial interface mode with axial mode number 1 and radial mode number 2 could result in the largest resonance shift. With

and

, the maximum resonance shift reaches ∼65 fm, which is much higher than the noise level

(

) due to the frequency fluctuation that mainly arises from the thermal-refractive noise, laser jitter, and

technical noise ( 42 , 43 ). Although there are a few low-order wall modes that have the potential for single-molecule detection, the SNR is very low.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Single-molecule optofluidic microsensor with interface whispering gallery modes

Tang

Liu

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Label-free sensors are highly desirable for biological analysis and early-stage disease diagnosis. Optical evanescent sensors have shown extraordinary ability in label-free detection, but their potentials have not been fully exploited because of the weak evanescent field tails at the sensing surfaces. Here, we report an ultrasensitive optofluidic biosensor with interface whispering gallery modes in a microbubble cavity. The interface modes feature both the peak of electromagnetic-field intensity at the sensing surface and high-Q factors even in a small-sized cavity, enabling a detection limit as low as 0.3 pg/cm2. The sample consumption can be pushed down to 10 pL due to the intrinsically integrated microfluidic channel. Furthermore, detection of single DNA with 8 kDa molecular weight is realized by the plasmonic-enhanced interface mode.

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“…4 B , the fundamental axial interface mode with axial mode number 1 and radial mode number 2 could result in the largest resonance shift. With

and

, the maximum resonance shift reaches ∼65 fm, which is much higher than the noise level

(

) due to the frequency fluctuation that mainly arises from the thermal-refractive noise, laser jitter, and

technical noise ( 42 , 43 ). Although there are a few low-order wall modes that have the potential for single-molecule detection, the SNR is very low.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Single-molecule optofluidic microsensor with interface whispering gallery modes

Tang

Liu

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Experimentally, during the sensing process of a microcavity sensor, the analyte position is usually not controlled. With sufficient sensing activities, statistical analysis can be applied to obtain the analyte information, for example, the analyte size [2], [34]. However, when the analyte quantity is limited and only a limited number of analyte-sensor interactions is attainable, it's critical to control the location of the analyte on the sensing region.…”

Section: Sensitivity Dependence On the Microcavity Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Dependence of Single Nanoparticle Mass Detection Using Mechanical Oscillations in Optical Microcavities

Zhi

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Single nanoparticle detection is demanding in fields such as early-stage diagnostics, environmental monitoring and biochemical researches. Microcavities are becoming excellent platforms for ultrasensitive detection due to the extremely strong enhancement of light-matter interactions. However, the analytes to be detected will introduce optical losses, which eventually spoils the detection limit of the optical sensor. The strong light confinement enables optical induced mechanical oscillations that is also sensitive to analyte attachments and can thus be applied as an alternative sensing signal in microcavity sensors. In this work, the mass sensitivities of the mechanical oscillations of a microcavity are theoretically discussed. The sensitivity dependence on different modes, analyte sensing position and microcavity structure are explored via finite-element-method simulations, which are consistent with theoretical predictions. Our results provide an effective guideline for the sensitivity optimization during microcavity design aiming for single nanoparticle mass detection.

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“…As a significant integrated optoelectronic technology, silicon photonics demonstrates the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, and CMOS compatibility, and is receiving more and more attention from both academia and industry [ 3 ]. Nowadays, silicon photonics has been applied in optical communication networks and data centers, and a lot of progress has been made in recent years under the continuous innovation of researchers [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. As a key active device to complete the conversion of electrical signals to optical signals, silicon modulators exhibit a high modulation rate and low-cost potential, which makes it a prospect for a broad range of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Silicon-Based Slow-Light Electro-Optic Modulators

et al. 2022

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As an important optoelectronic integration platform, silicon photonics has achieved significant progress in recent years, demonstrating the advantages on low power consumption, low cost, and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. Among the different silicon photonics devices, the silicon electro-optic modulator is a key active component to implement the conversion of electric signal to optical signal. However, conventional silicon Mach–Zehnder modulators and silicon micro-ring modulators both have their own limitations, which will limit their use in future systems. For example, the conventional silicon Mach–Zehnder modulators are hindered by large footprint, while the silicon micro-ring modulators have narrow optical bandwidth and high temperature sensitivity. Therefore, developing a new structure for silicon modulators to improve the performance is a crucial research direction in silicon photonics. Meanwhile, slow-light effect is an important physical phenomenon that can reduce the group velocity of light. Applying slow-light effect on silicon modulators through photonics crystal and waveguide grating structures is an attractive research point, especially in the aspect of reducing the device footprint. In this paper, we review the recent progress of silicon-based slow-light electro-optic modulators towards future communication requirements. Beginning from the principle of slow-light effect, we summarize the research of silicon photonic crystal modulators and silicon waveguide grating modulators in detail. Simultaneously, the experimental results of representative silicon slow-light modulators are compared and analyzed. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and development directions of silicon-based slow-light electro-optic modulators for the practical applications.

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1/f-noise-free optical sensing with an integrated heterodyne interferometer

Cited by 42 publications

References 37 publications

Single-molecule optofluidic microsensor with interface whispering gallery modes

Single-molecule optofluidic microsensor with interface whispering gallery modes

Sensitivity Dependence of Single Nanoparticle Mass Detection Using Mechanical Oscillations in Optical Microcavities

Recent Progress in Silicon-Based Slow-Light Electro-Optic Modulators

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