1 General Anatomy of the Gills

Hughes, G. M.

doi:10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60317-9

Cited by 236 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The generally slower elimination in bream is in agreement with the knowledge of metabolic rates in cypernids (Brett & Groves 1979). The metabolic rate of bream should be generally low, and much lower than the salmonids, consistent with its small gill area and performance at low oxygen concentrations (Hughes 1980(Hughes , 1984. Our observations are also consistent with the metabolic compensation hypothesis (Levinton 1983;Lonsdale & Levinton 1985), which states that ectothermal species from warm environments have lower metabolic rates than species from colder environments.…”

Section: E V a L U A T I O N O F R E S U L T Ssupporting

confidence: 89%

Radiocaesium elimination in fish: variation among and within species

Forseth

Ugedal

Næsje

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Ecotoxicological models used to assess the effects of radionuclides on freshwater ecosystems and the potential transfer to humans depend on accurate laboratory estimates of the elimination rate of radionuclides in fish. 2. We determined experimentally the elimination rate (excretion) of caesium (' 34Cs) of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (two populations), Arctic charr Satuefinus alpinus (two populations), whitefish Coregonus lavaretus and bream Abramis brama by single-dose caesium labelling and measures of subsequent samples of groups of fish maintained at different temperatures. Elimination rates between populations of the same species and among species were compared. 3. Populations of the same species from similar thermal environments had similar elimination rates (Atlantic salmon) whereas those from different thermal environments differed significantly (Arctic charr). 4. Caesium elimination rates varied among fish species. Bream had slower elimination rates than the other species at all temperatures, whereas Atlantic salmon had quicker elimination rates than the others at 16 "C. The remaining differences among species were not consistent across temperatures, indicating differences in thermal performance. 5. Approximately 45% of the estimated elimination rates differed significantly from those predicted by a general caesium elimination model. We conclude that a single model for caesium elimination, valid for a wide range of species and populations, may be difficult to attain.

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Section: E V a L U A T I O N O F R E S U L T Ssupporting

confidence: 89%

Radiocaesium elimination in fish: variation among and within species

Forseth

Ugedal

Næsje

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…6D) are segmented with joints, each segment possessing a pair of thin, blade-shaped skeletal gill rays (Chen, 2004;Chen and Huang, 2006;Chen et al, 1999;). The same structure occurs in bony fishes that use them for supporting respiratory gill filaments and gill septa (Hughes, 1984;Laurent, 1984) and for inserting sites of branchiomeric muscles (Dunnel-Erb et al, 1993). The occurrence of gill rays, possibly with gills, in Haikouella and Yunnanozoon indicate the muscular ventilation is an early structure, representing a novelty of the crest animals.…”

Section: Branchial System In Cristozoan Groundplanmentioning

confidence: 96%

Early crest animals and the insight they provide into the evolutionary origin of craniates

Chen

2008

Genesis

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Summary: The Cristozoa (also known as crest animals) are established as representing the animals containing neural crest and its derivatives, constituting all known craniates and their immediate precraniate precursors. The precraniate crest animals all are extinct and preserved only in Early Cambrian strata of Yunnan (southwestern China). Fine anatomical details of Haikouella and the slightly more advanced species Yunnanozoon exhibit many characters unique to vertebrates, but they lack a skull and most other elaborated placodal and neural crest derivations, throwing novel light onto the previously missing history at the very beginning of cristozoan evolution. Comparative study with the cephalochordate amphioxus suggests that precraniate evolution is marked by a series of innovations including: muscular ventilation with gill-bearing and jointed brachial arches, paired head sensorial organs including paired eyes and nostrils, relatively large, slightly differentiated brain, protovertebrae, and some derivatives of neural crest cells. But, they lack ears, a clear telencephalon, and a skull. Furthermore, comparison of the brains of amphioxus and craniates suggests that the tripartite brain with telencephalon was not an older structure but a novelty of the craniates. genesis 46:623-639,

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“…fish respiration | biomechanics | biofluiddynamics F ish gills have evolved exclusively in aquatic creatures to extract aqueous oxygen. Because oxygen has considerably low solubility and diffusivity in water, the efficiency of respiration is critical (1). Gills consist of plate-like structures called filaments that are covered by an array of lamellae enclosing a capillary blood network, as shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most previous studies on the structure of fish gills have focused on the dependence of the total surface area of the gill upon the body size and species of fish (1,4,5). We consider the convective oxygen transfer that occurs in fish gills.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimal lamellar arrangement in fish gills

Park

Kim

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fish respire through gills, which have evolved to extract aqueous oxygen. Fish gills consist of filaments with well-ordered lamellar structures, which play a role in maximizing oxygen diffusion. It is interesting that when we anatomically observe the gills of various fish species, gill interlamellar distances (d) vary little among them, despite large variations in body mass (M b ). Noting that the small channels formed by densely packed lamellae cause significant viscous resistance to water flow, we construct and test a model of oxygen transfer rate as a function of the lamellar dimensions and pumping pressure, which allows us to predict the optimal interlamellar distance that maximizes the oxygen transfer rate in the gill. Comparing our theory with biological data supports the hypothesis that fish gills have evolved to form the optimal interlamellar distances for maximizing oxygen transfer. This explains the weak scaling dependence offish respiration | biomechanics | biofluiddynamics F ish gills have evolved exclusively in aquatic creatures to extract aqueous oxygen. Because oxygen has considerably low solubility and diffusivity in water, the efficiency of respiration is critical (1). Gills consist of plate-like structures called filaments that are covered by an array of lamellae enclosing a capillary blood network, as shown in Fig. 1 (1, 2). Oxygen-rich water passes through the narrow channels formed by the lamellar layers, where oxygen diffuses into the capillaries. The densely packed lamellar structure is advantageous because it provides a large surface area for oxygen transfer; however, it also generates considerable viscous resistance. This resistance is overcome by pumping. Fish typically adopt one of the following two pumping mechanisms: branchial pumping and ram ventilation. Most teleost fish, members of the diverse group of ray-finned fish, use branchial pumping, and muscular compression in the pharynx enables water flow through the gills. In ram ventilation, which is used by many pelagic fish, the dynamic pressure generated by their swimming drives water flow into the gills (3).Most previous studies on the structure of fish gills have focused on the dependence of the total surface area of the gill upon the body size and species of fish (1, 4, 5). We consider the convective oxygen transfer that occurs in fish gills. As water passes through the narrow lamellar channels, increased viscous resistance impedes water flow at a given pumping pressure, which is limited by muscle power or swimming speeds; this leads to a lowering of the oxygen transfer rate. Hence, the flow rate within the gaps of the lamellae and the extended surface area play important roles in determining the oxygen transfer rate. The number of lamellae per unit length of gill filament determines both the surface area for diffusion and the size of the water channels. Therefore, we investigate the relationship between lamellar distance and oxygen transfer rate, an aspect that previously has seldom been explored. ResultsTheoretical Analysis. W...

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1 General Anatomy of the Gills

Cited by 236 publications

References 97 publications

Radiocaesium elimination in fish: variation among and within species

Radiocaesium elimination in fish: variation among and within species

Early crest animals and the insight they provide into the evolutionary origin of craniates

Optimal lamellar arrangement in fish gills

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