“…Inclusion and participation are much discussed ethical principles in the context of tourism policy making, planning and development, and yet are not necessarily taking place in practice. Local people should be able to participate in or, better, have control over planning and decision-making that affect their lives (e.g., Buzinde & Caterina-Knorr, 2022;Höckert et al, 2021). Or, as Höckert et al (2021) propose, they should be able to participate in their own development as hosts, and, importantly, also have the possibility to stay outside tourism development if they want to.…”