1-Hydroxypyrene Levels in Blood Samples of Rats after Exposure to Generator Fumes

Abstract

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major component of fuel generator fumes. Carcinogenicity of these compounds has long been established. In this study, 37 Swiss albino rats were exposed to generator fumes at varied distances for 8 hours per day for a period of 42 days and the level of 1-hydroxypyrene in their blood was evaluated. This study also tried to correlate the level of blood 1-hyroxypyrene with the distance from the source of pollution. Plasma was collected by centrifuging the whole blood sample followed by complete hydrolysis of the conjugated 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide to yield the analyte of interest, 1-hydroxypyrene, which was achieved using beta glucuronidase. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector was used to determine the 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in the blood samples. The mobile phase was water:methanol (12:88 v/v) isocratic run at the flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with CI8 stationary phase at 250 nm. After 42 days of exposure, blood concentration level of 1-hydroxypyrene ranged from 34 μg/mL to 26.29 μg/mL depending on the distance from source of exposure. The control group had no 1-hydroxypyrene in their blood. After the period of exposure, percentage of death correlated with the distance from the source of exposure. Percentage of death ranged from 56% to zero depending on the proximity to source of pollution.

Effects of organic chemicals from diesel exhaust particles on adipocytes differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells

“… 26 , 27 , 28 Furthermore, blood concentrations of the pyrene metabolite 1‐hydroxypyrene was reported at 26–34 μg/ml in rats exposed to gasoline exhaust. 64 Even the highest concentration used in the present study (50 μg/ml MeOH = 7.5 μg/ml pyrene) is well below blood concentration that can be achieved by in vivo inhalation exposure.…”

“…[26][27][28] Furthermore, blood concentrations of the pyrene metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene was reported at 26-34 μg/ml in rats exposed to gasoline exhaust. 64 Even the highest concentration used in the present study (50 μg/ml Organic chemicals extracted from diesel exhaust may affect expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as expression of β-adrenergic receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-regulated genes in primary human adipocytes. These chemicals thus carry potential to disturb expression of genes linked to disease in adipose tissue.…”

Toxicological impact of gasoline generator emissions using rat models

“…This is in agreement with Ifegwu et al who in their study of the effects of generator fumes on blood levels of 1-hydroxypyrene in rats concluded that the ability of PAHs to form adducts with DNA is an indication of their carcinogenicity, by checking the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene in blood-a metabolic product of pyrene -which is a prominent marker for PAH exposure. 9 The genotoxicity of some components of generator fumes implies that the adverse effects of inhalation can be passed on to generations yet unborn. Previous…”

“…8 A study showed that generator fumes contained levels of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) capable of increasing the risk of cancer in an environment where generator use is common. 9 Other reported adverse effects of exhaust pollutants included increased infant mortality, acute heart attacks, chronic deficits in lung development of children aged 10-18 years, and ovarian cancer. [10][11][12][13] Numerous epidemiological studies have also shown that exposure to a large amount of petroleum-related particles causes an increase in morbidity and mortality, which often arises from respiratory diseases and their negative impact on human health.…”

Oxido‐inflammatory responses and histological alterations in rat lungs exposed to petroleum product fumes

“…[6][7][8] The immunoinflammatory and oxidative stress responses associated with stressors depend mainly on the degree of exposure. 1,[8][9][10] Toxic fumes from anthropogenic activities, including petroleum product fumes (PPFs), vehicular exhaust, [11][12][13][14] present in ambient air pester the tracheal and lungs byways of inhaled polluted air, occupationally or as a result of careless regular daily activities. 15 Environmentally, PPF is ubiquitous, and a common source of contact is from petrol (gasoline) dispensing station (PDS), 13,16,17 marketing various petroleum products, especially-petrol (gasoline), kerosene, and diesel.…”