“…Purified cell-free human hemoglobin solution (purified free Hb, 79 g/l) was obtained from Pasteur Mérieux Serums et Vaccins (Marcy l'Etoile, France). Three solutions of human hemoglobin prepared according to various chemical modifications were studied: (a) hemoglobin conjugated to macromolecules of dextran benzene tetracarboxylate (Hb Dex-BTC, 85 g/l) [12] and obtained from Pasteur Mérieux Serums et Vaccins; (b) tetrameric hemoglobin cross-linked between α-subunits with bis (3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate (αα-Hb, 82 g/l; generously supplied by Dr. A. Alayash, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Md., USA) [13]; and (c) hemoglobin polymerized and cross-linked with o-raffinose (o-raffinose-poly-Hb, 100 g/l; generously provided by Hemosol, Toronto, Canada) [14].…”