1. Spatial and temporal evolution of the optical thickness of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the northern hemisphere from a network of ship‐borne and stationary lidars

Avdyushin, S. I.; Tulinov, G. F.; Иванов, М. С.; Kuzmenko, B.; Mezhuev, I.; Nardi, Bruno; Hauchecorne, Alain; Chanin, Marie-Lise

doi:10.1029/93gl00485

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Reed et al [1993] also estimated that the SO 2 peak layer was around 26 km. The estimated ranges of the neutral buoyant regions are consistent with other measurements: 17-26 km (lidar) by DeFoor et al [1992], 20-23 km (balloon) by Deshler et al [1992], 17-28 km (lidar) by Jaeger [1992], and 17-25 km (lidar) by Avdyushin et al [1993]. The estimated ranges of the neutral buoyant regions are consistent with other measurements: 17-26 km (lidar) by DeFoor et al [1992], 20-23 km (balloon) by Deshler et al [1992], 17-28 km (lidar) by Jaeger [1992], and 17-25 km (lidar) by Avdyushin et al [1993].…”

Section: Tovssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The Pinatubo volcanic clouds are assumed to mainly travel in the neutral buoyant region several hours after the eruption stops. The estimated ranges of the neutral buoyant regions are consistent with other measurements: 17-26 km (lidar) by DeFoor et al [1992], 20-23 km (balloon) by Deshler et al [1992], 17-28 km (lidar) by Jaeger [1992], and 17-25 km (lidar) by Avdyushin et al [1993]. In this study, an altitude of 25 km is used for all TOVS SO 2 retrievals.…”

Section: Tovssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Re‐evaluation of SO₂ release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors

Guo¹,

Bluth

Rose

et al. 2004

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

211

220

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In this study, ultraviolet TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) satellite data for SO2 are re‐evaluated for the first 15 days following the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption to reflect new data retrieval and reduction methods. Infrared satellite SO2 data from the TOVS/HIRS/2 (TIROS (Television Infrared Observation Satellite) Optical Vertical Sounder/High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder/2) sensor, whose data sets have a higher temporal resolution, are also analyzed for the first time for Pinatubo. Extrapolation of SO2 masses calculated from TOMS and TOVS satellite measurements 19–118 hours after the eruption suggest initial SO2 releases of 15 ± 3 Mt for TOMS and 19 ± 4 Mt for TOVS, including SO2 sequestered by ice in the early Pinatubo cloud. TOVS estimates are higher in part because of the effects of early formed sulfate. The TOMS SO2 method is not sensitive to sulfate, but can be corrected for the existence of this additional emitted sulfur. The mass of early formed sulfate in the Pinatubo cloud can be estimated with infrared remote sensing at about 4 Mt, equivalent to 3 Mt SO2. Thus the total S release by Pinatubo, calculated as SO2, is 18 ± 4 Mt based on TOMS and 19 ± 4 Mt based on TOVS. The SO2 removal from the volcanic cloud during 19–374 hours of atmospheric residence describes overall e‐folding times of 25 ± 5 days for TOMS and 23 ± 5 days for TOVS. These removal rates are faster in the first 118 hours after eruption when ice and ash catalyze the reaction, and then slow after heavy ash and ice fallout. SO2 mass increases in the volcanic cloud are observed by both TOMS and TOVS during the first 70 hours after eruption, most probably caused by the gas‐phase SO2 release from sublimating stratospheric ice‐ash‐gas mixtures. This result suggests that ice‐sequestered SO2 exists in all tropical volcanic clouds, and at least partially explains SO2 mass increases observed in other volcanic clouds in the first day or two after eruption.

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Section: Tovssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Tovssupporting

confidence: 87%

Re‐evaluation of SO₂ release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors

Guo¹,

Bluth

Rose

et al. 2004

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

211

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… Read et al [1993] estimated that the peak SO 2 layer was at 26 km using data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) experiment on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The neutral buoyant regions of the Pinatubo aerosol were also estimated by other measurements: 17–26 km (lidar) by DeFoor et al [1992], 20–23 km (balloon) by Deshler et al [1992], 17–28 km (lidar) by Jaeger [1992], and 17–25 km (lidar) by Avdyushin et al [1993].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Particles in the great Pinatubo volcanic cloud of June 1991: The role of ice

Guo

Rose

Bluth

et al. 2004

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

119

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[1] Pinatubo's 15 June 1991 eruption was Earth's largest of the last 25 years, and it formed a substantial volcanic cloud. We present results of analysis of satellite-based infrared remote sensing using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder/High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder/2 (TOVS/HIRS/2) sensors, during the first few days of atmospheric residence of the Pinatubo volcanic cloud, as it drifted from the Philippines toward Africa. An SO 2 -rich upper (25 km) portion drifted westward slightly faster than an ash-rich lower (22 km) part, though uncertainty exists due to difficulty in precisely locating the ash cloud. The Pinatubo clouds contained particles of ice, ash, and sulfate which could be sensed with infrared satellite data. Multispectral IR data from HIRS/2 were most useful for sensing the Pinatubo clouds because substantial amounts of both ice and ash were present. Ice and ash particles had peak masses of about 80 and 50 Mt, respectively, within the first day of atmospheric residence and declined very rapidly to values that were <10 Mt within 3 days. Ice and ash declined at a similar rate, and it seems likely that ice and ash formed mixed aggregates which enhanced fallout. Sulfate particles were detected in the volcanic cloud by IR satellites very soon after eruption, and their masses increased systematically at a rate consistent with their formation from SO 2 , which was slowly decreasing in mass during the same period. The initially detected sulfate mass was 4 Mt (equivalent to 3 Mt SO 2 ) and after 5 days was 12-16 Mt (equivalent to 9-12 Mt SO 2 ).Components: 12,820 words, 29 figures, 9 tables, 2 animations.

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“…Here we report the two sets of scattering ratio profiles measured by two Soviet ship borne lidars a few months after the Mt Pinatubo June 1991 eruption across the north Atlantic Ocean. Professor Zubov ship carried a lidar from July to September 1991, and Professor Vize, in January and February 1992 (Avdyushin et al, 1993;Nardi et al, 1993). The measurements campaign was part of a joint effort between the Roscomhydromet of the former Soviet Union and the Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS of France.…”

Section: Lidar Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship-borne lidar measurements showing the progression of the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol after the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption

Marrero¹,

Mann²,

Keckhut³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. A key limitation of volcanic forcing datasets for the Pinatubo period, is the large uncertainty that remains with respect to the extent of the optical depth of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the first year after the eruption, the saturation of the SAGE-II instrument restricting it to only be able to measure the upper part of the aerosol cloud in the tropics. Here we report the recovery of stratospheric aerosol measurements from two ship-borne lidars, both of which measured the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol produced by the June 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. The lidars were on-board two Soviet vessels, each ship crossing the Atlantic, their measurement datasets providing unique observational transects of the Pinatubo cloud across the tropics from Europe to the Caribbean (~ 40° N to 8° N) from July to September 1991 (the Prof Zubov ship) and from Europe to south of the Equator (8° S to ~ 40° N) between January and February 1992 (the Prof Vize ship). Our philosophy with the data recovery is to follow the same algorithms and parameters appearing in the two peer-reviewed articles that presented these datasets in the same issue of GRL in 1993, and here we provide all 48 lidar soundings made from the Prof. Zubov, and 11 of the 20 conducted from the Prof. Vize, ensuring we have reproduced the aerosols backscatter and extinction values in the Figures of those two papers. These original approaches used thermodynamic properties from the CIRA-86 standard atmosphere to derive the molecular backscattering, vertically and temporally constant values applied for the aerosol backscatter to extinction ratio and the correction factor of the aerosols backscattering wavelength dependence. We demonstrate this initial validation of the recovered stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles, providing full details of each dataset in this paper's Supplement S1, the original text files of the backscatter ratio, the calculated aerosols backscatter and extinction profiles. We anticipate the data providing potential new observational case studies for modelling analyses, including a 1-week series of consecutive soundings (in September 1991) at the same location showing the progression of the entrainment of part of the Pinatubo plume into the upper troposphere and the formation of an associated cirrus cloud. The Zubov lidar dataset illustrates how the tropically confined Pinatubo aerosol cloud transformed from a highly heterogeneous vertical structure in August 1991, maximum aerosol extinction values around 19 km for the lower layer and 23–24 for the upper layer, to a more homogeneous and deeper reservoir of volcanic aerosol in September 1991. We encourage modelling groups to consider new analyses of the Pinatubo cloud, comparing to the recovered datasets, with the potential to increase our understanding of the evolution of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud and its effects. Data described in this work are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.912770 (Antuña-Marrero et al., 2020).

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1. Spatial and temporal evolution of the optical thickness of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the northern hemisphere from a network of ship‐borne and stationary lidars

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Re‐evaluation of SO₂ release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors

Re‐evaluation of SO₂ release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors

Particles in the great Pinatubo volcanic cloud of June 1991: The role of ice

Ship-borne lidar measurements showing the progression of the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol after the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption

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1. Spatial and temporal evolution of the optical thickness of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the northern hemisphere from a network of ship‐borne and stationary lidars

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Re‐evaluation of SO2 release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors

Re‐evaluation of SO2 release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors

Particles in the great Pinatubo volcanic cloud of June 1991: The role of ice

Ship-borne lidar measurements showing the progression of the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol after the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption

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Re‐evaluation of SO₂ release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors

Re‐evaluation of SO₂ release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors