10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid of royal jelly exhibits bactericide and anti-inflammatory activity in human colon cancer cells

Abstract

BackgroundRoyal jelly (RJ), the exclusive food for the larva of queen honeybee, is regarded as the novel supplement to promote human health. The function of RJ may be attributed to its major and unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA). The current study investigated the anti-inflammory function of 10-HDA on human colon cancer cells, WiDr, as well as its effect on the growth of pathogenic bacterium.MethodsThe pro-inflammatory cytokines, receptor antagonist cytokine (IL-1ra) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in WiDr cells was analyzed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blot. The growth inhibition of 10-HDA on bacterium was evaluated by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericide concentrations (MBC).ResultsThe production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in WiDr cells was modulated by 10-HDA. IL-8 were dramatically declined by 10-HDA at 3 mM, while IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased. 10-HDA increased IL-1ra in a dose manner. NF-κB pathway is primarily in response to prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB was reduced after 10-HDA treatment. 10-HDA acted as potent bactericide against animal- or human-specific pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus alactolyticus, Staphylococcus intermedius B, Staphylococcus xylosus, Salmonella cholearasuis, Vibro parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli (hemolytic).ConclusionsThe current study showed that in vitro 10-HDA from RJ exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in WiDr cells, as well as anti-bacterial activity against animal pathogens. 10-HDA showed its potential as anti-imflammtory agent and bactericide to benefit human gastrointestinal tract.

Study of the Royal Jelly Free Fatty Acids by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS)

“…The linearity and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were assessed. Solutions from 10 to 2000 ng/mL of 10-HDA, 10-hydroxydecanoic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, decanedioic acid and 2-dodecenedioic acid [3 replicates; 16 levels (10,30,50,80,100,200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, 1300, 1500, 2000 ng/mL); n = 3 × 16] and solutions from 5-500 ng/mL of decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid were used for the construction of the linear curves [3 replicates; 8 levels (10, 30, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ng/mL); n = 3 × 8]. The instrumental detection limits were estimated (LOD = 3.3 * Sa/b, where Sa is the standard deviation of the response of six replicates of the lowest standard and b is the slope of the calibration curve).…”

“…As described in the introduction, the unusual free fatty acids of RJ have been shown to exhibit a variety of bioactivities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and growth promoting activities [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, no attention has been paid so far on the potential interactions of RJ fatty acids with free fatty acid receptors.…”

“…10-HDA was found to inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 production and NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner [7], and to exert immunomodulatory effects on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells [8]. More recently, the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of these RJ fatty acids as well as sebacic acid (decanedioic acid) was evaluated and compared in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages [9], while the bactericide and anti-inflammatory activity of 10-HDA in human colon cancer cells was studied [10]. Another interesting report demonstrated that 10-HDA promotes the growth and protection of neurons, reduces anxiety-like phenotypes, and benefits bone, muscle and adipose tissues in a sex-dependent manner [11].…”

Molecular insights into the enhanced performance of royal jelly secretion by a stock of honeybee (Apis mellifera ligustica) selected for increasing royal jelly production

“…Some of the RJ proteins such as major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) (Mairesse et al 1998), jelleines (Fontana et al 2004), and royalisin (Fujiwara et al 1990) are reported to have properties of antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive activities (Bíliková et al 2001;Oka et al 2001;Tokunaga et al 2004). In addition, RJ regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasodilation activity (Okamoto et al 2003;Liu et al 2008;Nakajima et al 2009;Kolayli et al 2016;Yang et al 2018). These RJ-induced activities are widely believed to help maintain homeostasis and recover from pathological conditions; therefore, RJ has been used as a cosmetic, health food, or dietary supplement (Ramadan and Al-Ghamdi 2012;Cornara et al 2017;Yoneshiro et al 2018).…”

Anti-Cancer and Protective Effects of Royal Jelly for Therapy-Induced Toxicities in Malignancies

“…As a result, it was speculated that RJ prolongs the lifespan of the queen honeybee relative to worker honeybees [ 7 ]. (2) RJ can modulate inflammation, oxidative stress and vasodilatory activity [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. These RJ-induced activities are widely considered to be useful to maintain homeostasis and recover from pathological conditions; therefore, RJ has been used as cosmetics, health food, or dietary supplement [ 13 , 14 ], (3) RJ affects the immune system under various physiological and pathological conditions, including malignancies and stimulate not only immunocompetent cells but also antibody production [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”