10 Seven-Day Carbohydrate and Other Nutrient Intakes of Preschool Boys Alleged to Be Behavior Responsive to Sugar Intake and Their Peers1

Kruesi, Markus J.P.; Rapoport, Judith L.; Berg, Chantal van den; Stables, Gloria; Bou, Ernestina

doi:10.1159/000414586

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…27 Even a well-controlled 3-week trial of a sugar-restricted diet found no effect. 28 Furthermore, most cross-sectional comparisons have not shown excess consumption of sugar by children with ADHD compared to controls, [29][30][31] although some have found correlations between dietary sugar or refined carbohydrate intake and measures of hyperactivity, aggression, or inattention/cognition in children either with ADHD 30,32 or unselected for ADHD. 33 It does not appear that sugar or candy restriction alone is a widely applicable treatment for ADHD in either children or adults.…”

Section: Dietary Elimination Strategies (Oligoantigenic or Few-foods mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Treatments for Adults with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Arnold

2001

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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A previous review of alternative treatments (Tx) of ADHD—those other than psychoactive medication and behavioral/psychosocial Tx—was supplemented with an additional literature search focused on adults with ADHD. Twenty‐four alternative Tx were identified, ranging in scientific documentation from discrediting controlled studies through mere hypotheses to positive controlled double‐blind clinical trials. Many of them are applicable only to a specific subgroup. Although oligoantigenic (few‐foods) diets have convincing double‐blind evidence of efficacy for a properly selected subgroup of children, they do not appear promising for adults. Enzyme‐potentiated desensitization, relaxation/EMG biofeedback, and deleading also have controlled evidence of efficacy. Iron supplementation, magnesium supplementation, Chinese herbals, EEG biofeedback, massage, meditation, mirror feedback, channel‐specific perceptual training, and vestibular stimulation all have promising prospective pilot data, many of these tests reasonably controlled. Single‐vitamin megadosage has some intriguing pilot trial data. Zinc supplementation is hypothetically supported by systematic case‐control data, but no systematic clinical trial. Laser acupuncture has promising unpublished pilot data and may be more applicable to adults than children. Essential fatty acid supplementation has promising systematic case‐control data, but clinical trials are equivocal. RDA vitamin supplementation, non‐Chinese herbals, homeopathic remedies, and antifungal therapy have no systematic data in ADHD. Megadose multivitamin combinations are probably ineffective for most patients and are possibly dangerous. Simple sugar restriction seems ineffective. Amino acid supplementation is mildly effective in the short term, but not beyond 2‐3 months. Thyroid treatment is effective in the presence of documented thyroid abnormality. Some alternative Tx of ADHD are effective or probably effective, but mainly for certain patients. In some cases, they are the Tx of choice, and initial evaluation should consider the relevant etiologies. A few have failed to prove effective in controlled trials. Most need research to determine whether they are effective and/or to define the applicable subgroup. Some of them, although not safer than standard Tx, may be preferable for an etiologic subgroup.

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Section: Dietary Elimination Strategies (Oligoantigenic or Few-foods mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Treatments for Adults with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Arnold

2001

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Overall nutrient intake of preschool hyperactive and normal boys

Kaplan

McNicol

Conte

et al. 1989

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Studies examining the relationship between sugar intake of hyperactive children and behavior problems have reported inconsistent results. We hypothesized that if the problem behaviors of attention deficit-disordered children with hyperactivity (ADDH) are exacerbated by food, then this might be due to differences in their background nutrition relative to non-ADDH children. Parents and day care workers of 24 ADDH and 27 non-ADDH preschool-aged boys were trained to keep food diaries for 21 days. Analysis of the last 14 days for each child revealed no differences in overall nutrient intake between the two groups. On the other hand, for 5 ADDH and 3 non-ADDH children the within-subject correlations between daily behavior and sugar intake were significant. We concluded that nutrition-behavior interactions are more likely a function of idiosyncratic sensitivities, rather than a general tendency for ADDH children to eat differently from non-ADDH children.

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Effects of sugar and aspartame on aggression and activity in children

Kruesi¹,

Rapoport²,

Cummings³

et al. 1987

AJP

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Habitual sugar consumption and behavior following challenge by sugar and aspartame were studied in 30 preschool boys. The 18 subjects whose parents considered them sugar reactive had more disruptive behavior problems at baseline than the other 12 subjects. Habitual sugar consumption correlated only with duration of aggression against property in alleged responders. Double-blind crossover challenges with aspartame, saccharin, sucrose, and glucose produced no significant effect on aggression or observers' ratings of behavior. Lower actometer counts followed the trials of aspartame, but the difference was not apparent to observers. It is unlikely that sugar and aspartame are clinically significant causes of disruptive behavior.

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10 Seven-Day Carbohydrate and Other Nutrient Intakes of Preschool Boys Alleged to Be Behavior Responsive to Sugar Intake and Their Peers1

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Alternative Treatments for Adults with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Alternative Treatments for Adults with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Overall nutrient intake of preschool hyperactive and normal boys

Effects of sugar and aspartame on aggression and activity in children

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