100 Years of Superconductivity and 50 Years of Superconducting Magnets

Wilson, M.N.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2011.2174628

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In 1911, the Dutch physicist H. Kamerlingh Onnes discovered the phenomenon of superconductivity, the vanishing of electrical resistance in some metals at very low (<10 K) temperatures. The discovery inspired Kamerlingh Onnes to propose a 100,000 Gauss (10 T) solenoid two years later based on a superconducting coil cooled with liquid helium, yet it took more than 50 years to realize this design in practice [62]. In 1989 Motokawa et al at Tohoku University built the first of a series of a new class of magnets that were referred to as repeating pulse magnets [43] which provided pulsed fields of a few millisecond duration as high as 25 T once every 2 second [8].…”

Section: High Energy Pulsed Solenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept analysis of a distributed thrust system, a novel inductive propulsion method using high energy pulse solenoids in satellite swarms for reusable interorbital freight transport

Wegener¹

2022

Preprint

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To date only single vehicle thrust designs have been considered for propulsion in space, however there is no limitation preventing multivehicle distributed thrust application designs if a rigid structure can be constructed electromagnetically. By considering the regularity of planetary orbits and distance between orbital paths, a location in space can be targeted for next orbit arrival of a shipping container propelled on an intercepting vector that is a result of inductive propulsion vector combination. This concept is achieved with Nb3Sn high energy pulse solenoids that enable a square pyramidal swarm of satellites to decompose the intercepting orbital transfer vector and propel a 20 tonne steel shipping container towards a destination swarm. This paper is a thought experiment with first pass mechanical analysis that establishes a validity algorithm then concludes that the proposed yoked solenoid design is fit for purpose. Two factors are noted as key variances that must be investigated in further research with numerical modelling tools before the proposed design can be considered fully functional.

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Section: High Energy Pulsed Solenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept analysis of a distributed thrust system, a novel inductive propulsion method using high energy pulse solenoids in satellite swarms for reusable interorbital freight transport

Wegener¹

2022

Preprint

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“…Superconducting magnets are operated at temperatures well below the superconductor's critical temperature. Liquid helium, which has a boiling temperature of around 4.22 K at atmospheric pressure (Weisend 1998), is usually used for this purpose. At temperatures below 2.17 K, called the lambda point, liquid helium turns into a superfluid due to a phase transition.…”

Section: Operation Temperature Fields and Marginsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve complete magnet thermal stability with respect to any perturbations, the cross-section of the normal stabilizer has to be rather large and well-cooled (Brechna 1973;Weisend 1998). Considerations related to cost and performance optimization, however, require reducing the stabilizer cross-section in superconducting accelerator magnets to a minimum, as dictated by the internal stability of the composite wires to flux jumps and by quench protection.…”

Section: Magnet Thermal Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting Magnets for Accelerators

Zlobin

Schoerling

2019

Particle Acceleration and Detection

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Superconducting magnets have enabled great progress and multiple fundamental discoveries in the field of high-energy physics. This chapter reviews the use of superconducting magnets in particle accelerators, introduces Nb 3 Sn superconducting accelerator magnets, and describes their main challenges. 1.1 Circular Accelerators and Superconducting Magnets Circular accelerators are the most important tool of modern high-energy physics (HEP) for investigating the largest mass and the smallest space scales. A key element of a circular accelerator is its magnet system (Wolski 2014). The magnet system is composed of large number of various magnets, mainly dipoles and quadrupoles, to guide and steer the particle beams. The main function of the majority of the magnets (the so-called arc magnets, which are periodically placed along a ring) is to keep the beam on a quasi-circular orbit and confine them in a relatively small and welldefined volume inside a vacuum pipe. Magnets are also used to transfer beams between accelerator rings in so-called transfer lines, to match beam parameters from the transfer line into the injection insertions or into extraction lines and beam dumps, to direct or separate beams for the accelerating radio frequency cavities, and to focus beams for collision at the interaction points where the experiments reside. One of the most important parameters of colliders is the beam energy, as it determines the physics discovery potential. The energy E in GeV of relativistic particles with a charge q in units of the electron charge in a circular accelerator is limited by the strength of the bending dipole magnets B in Tesla and the machine radius r in meters

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“…Although superconductivity was discovered in the last century [1,2], its application in power system apparatuses was not economically possible until the discovery of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). Ever since, many research and development activities have been conducted to integrate HTS technologies in power systems aiming the enhancement of generation, conversion, transmition, and even storing the electrical energy with low loss [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature superconducting cables and their performance against short circuit faults: current development, challenges, solutions, and future trends

Yazdani-Asrami

Seyyedbarzegar

Sadeghi

et al. 2022

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Along with advancements in superconducting technology, especially in high temperature superconductors (HTS), the use of these materials in power system applications is gaining outstanding attention. Due to the lower weight, higher current carrying capability, and the lower loss of HTS cables compared to conventional counterparts, they are among the most focused applications of superconductors in power systems. In near future, these cables will be installed as key elements not only in power systems but also in cryo-electrified transportation units, which take advantage of both cryogenics and superconducting technology simultaneously, e.g. hydrogen-powered aircraft. Given the sensitivity of the reliable and continuous performance of HTS cables, any failures, caused by faults, could be catastrophic, if they are not designed appropriately. Thus, fault analysis of superconducting cables is crucial for ensuring their safety, reliability, and stability, and also for characterising the behaviour of HTS cables under fault currents at the design stage. Many investigations were conducted on the fault characterisation and analysis of HTS cables in the last few years. This paper aims to provide a topical review on all of these conducted studies, It will discuss the current challenges of HTS cables and after that current developments of fault behaviour of HTS cables would be presented, and then we will discuss the future trends and future challenges of superconducting cables regarding their fault performance.

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100 Years of Superconductivity and 50 Years of Superconducting Magnets

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Concept analysis of a distributed thrust system, a novel inductive propulsion method using high energy pulse solenoids in satellite swarms for reusable interorbital freight transport

Concept analysis of a distributed thrust system, a novel inductive propulsion method using high energy pulse solenoids in satellite swarms for reusable interorbital freight transport

Superconducting Magnets for Accelerators

High temperature superconducting cables and their performance against short circuit faults: current development, challenges, solutions, and future trends

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