2015
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201500712
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11.2% Efficient Solution Processed Kesterite Solar Cell with a Low Voltage Deficit

Abstract: and has yielded 10.3% effi cient solar cells with a V oc defi cit of 0.60 V [ 10 ] or recently, even up to 11.8% measured on active area. [ 11 ] Some commonly reported problems of the DMSO-processed kesterite layers are their high porosity, nonuniformity, and numerous grain boundaries that can lead to undesirable recombination. [ 12 ] Here, we employ a three-stage annealing process under controlled selenium atmosphere in an SiO x coated graphite box to drastically improve the grain size and morphology of the a… Show more

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Cited by 200 publications
(174 citation statements)
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References 27 publications
(38 reference statements)
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“…First, no correlation between the measured PL decay times and device performance over a wide range (1%-12%) of device efficiencies (shown in Figure 2) and open-circuit voltage V OC (see the Supporting Information) can be found from published TRPL data. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] These results are in contrast to that found from TRPL analysis of chalcopyrites and CdTe where a correlation with device efficiency and V OC is clear, as τ n is a measure of recombination losses. [33][34][35][36] However, for kesterites the connection between PL decay time and the assumed τ n is not apparent, as the reported decay times represent arbitrary measurement excitation conditions and data analysis procedures; characteristic decay times from a variety of fitting regions and techniques are reported for measured TRPL data.…”
Section: Introductioncontrasting
confidence: 92%
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“…First, no correlation between the measured PL decay times and device performance over a wide range (1%-12%) of device efficiencies (shown in Figure 2) and open-circuit voltage V OC (see the Supporting Information) can be found from published TRPL data. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] These results are in contrast to that found from TRPL analysis of chalcopyrites and CdTe where a correlation with device efficiency and V OC is clear, as τ n is a measure of recombination losses. [33][34][35][36] However, for kesterites the connection between PL decay time and the assumed τ n is not apparent, as the reported decay times represent arbitrary measurement excitation conditions and data analysis procedures; characteristic decay times from a variety of fitting regions and techniques are reported for measured TRPL data.…”
Section: Introductioncontrasting
confidence: 92%
“…Second, TRPL data are commonly reported from measurements on completed kesterite devices, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][16][17][18]24] despite the significant effect that charge-carrier separation in an electric field has on PL decays. [2,4,30,31,37] A more concerning observation is that no difference between PL decays measured on absorbers and measured on devices is characterized for kesterites, as seen in Figure 2 where measurements on absorbers and devices are distinguished, and also reported for high-efficiency kesterite devices/ absorbers [25] and devices/absorbers reported here (Section 2.2).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Our hypothesis is that each alkali element requires a different absorber composition to achieve the highest PV performance and we therefore prepared a comprehensive set of samples with different alkali elements and alkali concentrations as well as various metal ratios. All samples were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), as well as current-voltage (J-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements.The methodology used for absorber synthesis is based on the solution process described elsewhere, [14] allowing for accurate alkali incorporation by simply adding alkali chlorides to the solution. [15] Figure 1a illustrates the matrix of sample compositions prepared with five different alkali elements: lithium (Li), Sodium treatment of kesterite layers is a widely used and efficient method to boost solar cell efficiency.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The methodology used for absorber synthesis is based on the solution process described elsewhere, [14] allowing for accurate alkali incorporation by simply adding alkali chlorides to the solution. [15] Figure 1a illustrates the matrix of sample compositions prepared with five different alkali elements: lithium (Li), Sodium treatment of kesterite layers is a widely used and efficient method to boost solar cell efficiency.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%