11.3 A 160&amp;#x00D7;120-pixel analog-counting single-photon imager with Sub-ns time-gating and self-referenced column-parallel A/D conversion for fluorescence lifetime imaging

Perenzoni, Matteo; Massari, Nicola; Gasparini, Leonardo; Stoppa, David

doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7062995

Cited by 36 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…SPAD arrays are one of the solutions for low-light-level imaging [4,5]. With such technology, it is possible to have a sensitivity down to the single-photon level, working in photoncounting mode.…”

Section: Spad Array and Low-light Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To minimize the pixel circuitry, it is possible to implement just the time-to-amplitude conversion [28]. Example of analog time-gated SPAD pixel, with a reduced electronics-complexity to obtain a higher FF (c) [5].…”

Section: Spad Array and Low-light Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(TAC) in pixel [29,30], or using an all-analog approach [5,28], by means just of few transistors and capacitances. Figure 5(c) shows an example of analog time-gated SPAD pixel, based on analog time-gating and analog counter [5].…”

Section: Spad Array and Low-light Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5(c) shows an example of analog time-gated SPAD pixel, based on analog time-gating and analog counter [5].…”

Section: Spad Array and Low-light Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These technologies enabled several new applications, physical experiment, and techniques. They also significantly increased the image quality and the sensitivity in biomedical and medical imaging techniques [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Sensitivity Photodetector for Photon-Counting Applications

Acerbi¹,

Perenzoni²

2018

Photon Counting - Fundamentals and Applications

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In the last years, there has been a large development of low-light applications, and many of them are based on photon counting using single-photon detectors (SPDs). These are very sensitive detectors typically with an internal gain. The first candidate SPD was the photomultiplier tube (PMT), reaching a very high gain (~10 6 ), but there have been a large development of many other solutions, like solid-state solutions. Among them, single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have been used in spectroscopy, florescence imaging, etc., particularly for their good detection efficiency and time resolution (tens of picoseconds). SPADs have been developed in silicon and III-V materials, for the NIR wavelength range. SPADs can be used as single high-performance pixels, or in arrays. SPAD arrays have imaging capabilities, with high sensitivity. Another kind of array is the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), where all the pixels are connected to a common anode and a common cathode. SiPMs are used in nuclear medicine, physics experiments, quantum-physics experiments, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), etc., due to their high detection efficiency combined with large sensitive areas, and high dynamic range. SiPMs with many small cells present several advantages and nowadays the SPAD pitch can be reduced down to 5 μm.

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Section: Spad Array and Low-light Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spad Array and Low-light Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spad Array and Low-light Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5(c) shows an example of analog time-gated SPAD pixel, based on analog time-gating and analog counter [5].…”

Section: Spad Array and Low-light Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Sensitivity Photodetector for Photon-Counting Applications

Acerbi¹,

Perenzoni²

2018

Photon Counting - Fundamentals and Applications

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Perspectives for Applications of Quantum Imaging

Basset

Setzpfandt

Steinlechner

et al. 2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

126

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Quantum imaging is a multifaceted field of research that promises highly efficient imaging in extreme spectral ranges as well as ultralow‐light microscopy. Since the first proof‐of‐concept experiments over 30 years ago, the field has evolved from highly fascinating academic research to the verge of demonstrating practical technological enhancements in imaging and microscopy. Here, the aim is to give researchers from outside the quantum optical community, in particular those applying imaging technology, an overview of several promising quantum imaging approaches and evaluate both the quantum benefit and the prospects for practical usage in the near future. Several use case scenarios are discussed and a careful analysis of related technology requirements and necessary developments toward practical and commercial application is provided.

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Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Single‐Photon Avalanche Diodes for Quantum Photonics Applications

et al. 2020

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Photonic quantum technologies promise a revolution of the world of information processing, from simulation and computing to communication and sensing, thanks to the many advantages of exploiting single photons as quantum information carriers. In this scenario, single‐photon detectors play a key role. On the one hand, superconducting nanowire single‐photon detectors (SNSPDs) are able to provide remarkable performance on a broad spectral range, but their applicability is often limited by the need of cryogenic operating temperatures. On the other hand, single‐photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) overcome the intrinsic limitations of SNSPDs by providing a valid alternative at room temperature or slightly below. In this paper, the authors review the fundamental principles of the SPAD operation and provide a thorough discussion of the recent progress made in this field, comparing the performance of these devices with the requirements of the quantum photonics applications. In the end, the authors conclude with their vision of the future by summarizing prospects and unbeaten paths that can open new perspectives in the field of photonic quantum information processing.

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11.3 A 160×120-pixel analog-counting single-photon imager with Sub-ns time-gating and self-referenced column-parallel A/D conversion for fluorescence lifetime imaging

Cited by 36 publications

References 25 publications

High Sensitivity Photodetector for Photon-Counting Applications

High Sensitivity Photodetector for Photon-Counting Applications

Perspectives for Applications of Quantum Imaging

Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Single‐Photon Avalanche Diodes for Quantum Photonics Applications

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