12.8% Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell on a flexible polymer sheet

Tiwari, Ayodhya N.; Krejci, M.; Haug, Franz‐Josef; Zogg, H.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-159x(199909/10)7:5<393::aid-pip289>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 98 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(Note that the latter approach requires a subsequent annealing process.) 15 Most commonly, Na binary compounds such as NaF, Na 2 S, and Na 2 Se 15 as well as NaCl 17 are employed as Na sources. The many diverse effects ascribed to the incorporation of Na in the CIGSe material have been summarized and discussed extensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Na incorporation into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers deposited on polyimide: Impact on the chemical and electronic surface structure

Song

Caballero

Félix

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The following article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics 111.3 (2012): 034903 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/111/3/10.1063/1.3679604Na has deliberately been incorporated into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) chalcopyrite thin-film solar cell absorbers deposited on Mo-coated polyimide flexible substrates by adding differently thick layers of NaF in-between CIGSe absorber and Mo back contact. The impact of Na on the chemical and electronic surface structure of CIGSe absorbers with various Cu-contents deposited at comparatively low temperature (420 C) has been studied using x-ray photoelectron and x-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy. We observe a higher Na surface content for the Cu-richer CIGSe samples and can distinguish between two different chemical Na environments, best described as selenide-like and oxidized Na species, respectively. Furthermore, we find a Cu-poor surface composition of the CIGSe samples independent of Na content and - for very high Na contents - indications for the formation of a (Cu,Na)-(In,Ga)-Se like compound. With increasing Na surface content, also a shift of the photoemission lines to lower binding energies could be identified, which we interpret as a reduction of the downward band bending toward the CIGSe surface explained by the Na-induced elimination of In Cu defects.X.S., R.F., D.G., R.G.W., and M.B. are grateful to the Helmholtz-Association for financial support (VH-NG-423). R.F. also acknowledges the support by the German Academic Exchange Agency (DAAD; 331 4 04 002)

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Na incorporation into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers deposited on polyimide: Impact on the chemical and electronic surface structure

Song

Caballero

Félix

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Glass is the most commonly used substrate, but recently some effort has been made to develop flexible solar cells on polyimide and metal foils. Highest efficiencies of 12Á8% and 17Á6% have been reported for CIGS cells on polyimide 3 and metal foils, 4 respectively. Similarly, CdTe solar cells in the efficiency range of 10-16%, depending on the deposition process, have been developed on glass substrates, while flexible cells with efficiency of 7Á8% on metal, 5 and 11% on polyimide 6 have been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂and CdTe solar cells

Romeo¹,

Terheggen²,

Abou‐Ras³

et al. 2004

Progress in Photovoltaics

Self Cite

358

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe heterojunction solar cells grown on rigid (glass) or flexible foil substrates require p‐type absorber layers of optimum optoelectronic properties and n‐type wide‐bandgap partner layers to form the p–n junction. Transparent conducting oxide and specific metal layers are used for front and back electrical contacts. Efficiencies of solar cells depend on various deposition methods as they control the optoelectronic properties of the layers and interfaces. Certain treatments, such as addition of Na in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdCl2 treatment of CdTe have a direct influence on the electronic properties of the absorber layers and efficiency of solar cells. Processes for the development of superstrate and substrate solar cells are reviewed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

“…Glass is the most commonly used substrate, but recently some effort has been made to develop fl exible solar cells on polyimide and metal foils. The highest effi ciencies of 12.8% and 17.6% have been reported for CIGS cells on polyimide [89] and metal foil [90], respectively. Similarly, CdTe solar cells having effi ciency in the range of 10-16%, depending on the deposition process, have been developed on glass substrates, while fl exible cells with an effi ciency of 7.8% on metal, [91] and 11% on polyimide, have been achieved.…”

Section: Polycrystalline Thin-film Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐Art of Nanostructures in Solar Energy Research

Sagadevan¹

2014

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The world's major energy sources are non-renewable and are faced with an ever-increasing demand, and hence are not expected to last long. Besides being non-renewable, these sources include mainly fossil fuels, and contribute tremendously to the perennial problem of global warming. The serious depletion and pollution problems of the above energy sources have made the international community focus attention on alternative sources of energy, especially solar energy, which appears highly promising. Nanostructure-based solar energy is attracting signifi cant attention as a possible candidate for achieving drastic improvement in photovoltaic energy conversion effi ciency. Although such solar energy is expected to be more expensive, there is a growing need for effi cient and lightweight solar cells in aerospace and related industries. It is certain to rule the energy sector when break-even, of high performance is achieved and its cost becomes comparable with that of other energy sources. Various approaches have been proposed to enhance the effi ciency of solar cells. Applications of nanotechnology help us to design solar devices more economically. Nanophotovoltaic cells are used to create cost, effective, effi cient, solar energy storage systems or solar energy on a large scale. Nanostructured materials contain structures with dimensions in that scale; they include polycrystalline materials with nanometer-sized crystallites, materials with surface protrusions spatially separated by a few nanometers granular or porous materials with grain sizes in the nanometer range or nanometer-sized metallic clusters embedded in a dielectric matrix. The motivation for using nanostructured materials emerges from their specifi c physical and chemical properties. Enhancing the regular crystalline

show abstract

12.8% Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell on a flexible polymer sheet

Cited by 98 publications

References 1 publication

Na incorporation into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers deposited on polyimide: Impact on the chemical and electronic surface structure

Na incorporation into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers deposited on polyimide: Impact on the chemical and electronic surface structure

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂and CdTe solar cells

State‐of‐the‐Art of Nanostructures in Solar Energy Research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

12.8% Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell on a flexible polymer sheet

Cited by 98 publications

References 1 publication

Na incorporation into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers deposited on polyimide: Impact on the chemical and electronic surface structure

Na incorporation into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers deposited on polyimide: Impact on the chemical and electronic surface structure

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se2and CdTe solar cells

State‐of‐the‐Art of Nanostructures in Solar Energy Research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂and CdTe solar cells