[12] Colorimetric analysis of sugars

Ashwell, Gilbert

doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(57)03350-9

Cited by 818 publications

(373 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Total P was determined by the procedure of Bartlett (6) after digestion with H2S04 and H202. Total sugar was determined by the a-naphthol reaction (12); hexose by the anthrone reaction (31); fructose by the resorcinol (2) and cysteine-carbazole (2) reactions; pentose by the orcinol reaction (2).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Plant Culture Corn Plants (Zea Mays Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Salinity and Phosphorus Nutrition of the Concentrations of Phosphate and Phosphate Esters in Mature Photosynthesizing Corn Leaves

Nieman¹,

Clark²

1976

Plant Physiol.

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The effects of salinity on corn plants (Zea mays L.) are influenced by the concentration of nutrient orthophosphate. Salinity (-2 bars each of NaCI and CaCI2) was more injurious in combination with a high concentration of orthophosphate (2 mM) (that gave optimum yields in the absence of salinity) than it was with a lower concentration (0.1 mM). With 2 mm orthophosphate, salinity seemed to damage the plant mechanisms that normally regulate the internal concentration of orthophosphate resulting in excessive accumulation and P toxicity. On the other hand, with 0.1 mM orthophosphate, salinity decreased orthophosphate concentration in mature leaves. This effect was paralleled by decreases in the concentration of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and in the energy charge of the adenylate system, indicating an orthophosphate deficit. Even so, plants survived salinity better under these conditions than in the presence of 2 mM orthophosphate. The data indicated that salinity affected the phosphorylated state of the adenine nucleotides only indirectly through its effect on the concentration of orthophosphate in the cells. Salinity, especially in the presence of 2 mM orthophosphate, resulted in an increase in the concentrations of sugar phosphates in mature photosynthesizing leaves, suggesting that translocation rather than photosynthesis was a limiting process. Decreased translocation could be a secondary effect of decreased growth. However, a decreased translocation rate could cause decreased growth by limiting the supply of essential metabolites reaching growing tissues.The recent salinity-fertility studies of Bernstein et al. (7) showed a marked interactive effect of salinity and nutrient Pi on corn plants. Salinity was more deleterious in combination with a high concentration of Pi (2 mM) than with a low concentration (0.05 mM). There occurred a greater reduction in yield and a characteristic leaf injury. The injury seemed to be a result of excessive accumulation of P; other ions did not accumulate sufficiently to account for it. Also, the injury signs were similar to those caused by P toxicity in wheat (8) and barley ( 15). These observations suggested that salinity affected the uptake and utilization of Pi by the plants. Considering the central role of P in cell metabolism, evidence of salt-induced changes in P metabolism might also provide insight regarding the mechanism of salt injury to plants. The work reported here was concerned with the effects of salinity in combination with low and high concentrations of nutrient Pi on the concentrations of Pi and of Pesters2 in mature photosynthesizing corn leaves. Preliminary ' This paper is dedicated to a fellow plant physiologist and friend.Leon Bernstein.2 Abbreviations: F6P: fructose 6-phosphate; FDP: fructose 1 6-diwork showed that salinity, like extremes in P nutrition (9), affected the concentrations of these compounds much more than it did the concentrations of lipid P and nucleic acid P. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Culture. Corn plants (Zea mays L. T-strain Golden...

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Section: Materials and Methods Plant Culture Corn Plants (Zea Mays Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Salinity and Phosphorus Nutrition of the Concentrations of Phosphate and Phosphate Esters in Mature Photosynthesizing Corn Leaves

Nieman¹,

Clark²

1976

Plant Physiol.

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“…(2) Samples of the water phase were analysed for pentose, reducing sugars, glucose and uronic acids by standard techniques (Horecker, 1963;Ashwell, 1957).…”

Section: Characterization Ofazopigment A2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The isolation and further characterization of the bilirubin tetrapyrroles in bile-containing human duodenal juice and dog gall-bladder bile

Gordon

Chan

Samodai

et al. 1977

Biochemical Journal

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Bilirubin and its conjugates were extracted from either dog gall-bladder bile or bile-containing human duodenal juice into chloroform containing 10mM-tetraheptylammonium chloride. The intact bilirubin tetrapyrroles were then separated by t.l.c. Structural elucidation was made after coupling of the individual pigments with diazonium salts. Four azopigments were detected: azopigment ao or dipyrrolic azobilirubin; azopigment ( or dipyrrolic azobilirubin monoglucuronide; azopigment a3 or dipyrrolic azobilirubin monoglucoside; and, from dog gall-bladder bile, azopigment a2* The last conjugate required further verification of its structure. After methanolysis, it was shown by combined g.l.c.-mass spectrometry to contain xylose in a 1:1 molar ratio with the azopigments of bilirubin. Human bile contained 86% bilirubin diglucuronide, 7 % bilirubin monoglucuronide monoglucoside diester, 4% bilirubin monoglucuronide and 3% bilirubin. Dog gall-bladder bile had a considerably different composition; it contained 47 % bilirubin diglucuronide, 40 % bilirubin monoglucuronide monoglucoside diester, 8 % bilirubin monoglucuronide, 4 % bilirubin diglucoside, 1-2 % bilirubin and traces of conjugates containing xylose. The total bilirubin content and proportions of the conjugates did not change in bile that was frozen and stored at -20°C under N2, whereas in the chloroform/tetraheptylammonium chloride extract, similarly stored, total pigment was slowly lost and the diglucuronide conjugate converted into the monoglucuronide.

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“…Sugar content was asayed with the anthrone reagent [26]. 10 seeds (cabbage) and 15 seeds (dill), all ungerminated were placed in 1 cm 3 of distilled water, heated for 3 min in a water bath at 90°C, then homogenised in a mortar, in water, to the final volume of 10 cm 3 , and centrifuged for 10 min at 5000 rpm (Eppendorf 5430R centrifuge, Germany).…”

Section: Asteraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Swailing affects seed germination of plants of European bio-and agricenosis in a different way

Bączek-Kwinta

2017

Open Life Sciences

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Swailing as a part of agricultural practice is an illegal habit in many European countries. The indirect effect of swailing is the emission of volatiles (SGV), hence the aim of the study was to identify their impact to seeds of different species occurring or grown Europe. It was carried out on seeds of 29 species of 10 botanical families within the angiosperms. The response to SGV was more or less differentiated within a family, and even within the species, e.g. in the case of tomato. The stimulation of germination and/or increased seedling vigour was established in celery, green- and red-leafed basil, white and red cabbage, white clover and wild thyme. The same effect was noticed for the seeds of stratified broadleaf plantain and the positively photoblastic seeds of German chamomile germinated in darkness. The inhibition of seed germination and/ or reduced seedling vigour was demonstrated in case of caraway, dill and forget-me-not. Similar results were obtained in the experiments carried out in vitro and in the soil, hence it can be assumed that the indirect impact of SGV on plant habitat composition is likely. The interaction of SGV compounds with seed testa and seed phytohormones is discussed.

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[12] Colorimetric analysis of sugars

Cited by 818 publications

References 76 publications

Interactive Effects of Salinity and Phosphorus Nutrition of the Concentrations of Phosphate and Phosphate Esters in Mature Photosynthesizing Corn Leaves

Interactive Effects of Salinity and Phosphorus Nutrition of the Concentrations of Phosphate and Phosphate Esters in Mature Photosynthesizing Corn Leaves

The isolation and further characterization of the bilirubin tetrapyrroles in bile-containing human duodenal juice and dog gall-bladder bile

Swailing affects seed germination of plants of European bio-and agricenosis in a different way

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