120 GeV neutrino physics graphite target damage assessment using electron microscopy and high-energy x-ray diffraction

Beam impact tests of a prototype target for the beam dump facility at CERN: Experimental setup and preliminary analysis of the online results

“…The PIE activities are foreseen to start in 2020, and will provide a first confirmation of the survivability of the final target under the BDF conditions, assessing the final target design in terms of material selection, mechanical design and manufacturing process, in a similar way of what has been done in Ref. [26,27]. The PIE will also help elucidating some of the discrepancies found between the target prototype simulations and experimental data.…”

High power targets: Challenges of next-generation high-intensity neutrino beams

“…Figure 1 shows the cracks along the beam path of the NT-02 target fins and post-irradiation dimensional measurements of the fin width. Further X-ray diffraction PIE work at NSLS-II at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) showed lattice swelling and evidence of amorphization near the beam spot region of the graphite fins [11]. The latter indicates that the material has lost its crystallinity and associated thermomechanical properties.…”

Studies of Beam Intensity Effects in Fermilab Booster Synchrotron

“…Further progress in the proton beam power needs improvements in the accelerator technology [4] and addressing problems related to desired beam pulse structure, beam losses, and the lifetimes of beam targets [5][6][7]. Of particular challenge are issues associated with the beam dynamics, such as space-charge effects, instabilities, emittance growth, halo formation and losses, collimation, accumulation of secondary charges, linear and non-linear optics optimizations, etc -see comprehensive analysis in Refs.…”