2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.08.197
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“…In the Qing dynasty, the quasi-official sphere was mainly comprised of the community leaders, local headmen (xiang bao) 170 and semi-official personnel of the magistrate (such as runners and clerks). 171 The three constitutive domains of the Chinese imperial structure (the state administration, the quasi-official sphere, and the local village communities) did not operate separately. The local village communities looked to the quasi-official sphere for leadership and organization.…”
Section: The Magistrate's Civil Adjudicative Philosophymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the Qing dynasty, the quasi-official sphere was mainly comprised of the community leaders, local headmen (xiang bao) 170 and semi-official personnel of the magistrate (such as runners and clerks). 171 The three constitutive domains of the Chinese imperial structure (the state administration, the quasi-official sphere, and the local village communities) did not operate separately. The local village communities looked to the quasi-official sphere for leadership and organization.…”
Section: The Magistrate's Civil Adjudicative Philosophymentioning
confidence: 99%