“…Faecal microbiota transplantation combined with pectin in DSS-induced colitis mice enhanced its positive effects on the colonic ratio and DAI and reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. 31 A reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the murine model of endotoxin shock has also been reported for CP treatment, as well as a decrease in IL-6 secretion from Toll-like receptor-activated RAW264.7 pretreated with CP. However, when this study was performed using polygalacturonic acid, treatment was not effective, highlighting the importance of neutral sugars present in side chains of pectin.…”