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This study was designed to gain insights into the antioxidant mechanism of a Chinese herbal remedy, Qing Huo Yi Hao (QHYH), and its active components against oxidative stress induced by high glucose in endothelial cells. Main methods: Effects of QHYH on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) generation were measured with the fluorescent markers H 2 DCF-DA and DAF-FM DA, respectively. Phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B)/eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression were studied by Western blot techniques. Influences of QHYH and one of the active components (tetramethylpyrazine, TMP) on UCP2 expression were subsequently evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Using RNA interference techniques, the involvement of UCP2 in high glucose-induced ROS production in mouse brain microvascular (bEnd.3) cells and its correlation with the antioxidant effect of QHYH were further assessed. Key findings: Our results showed that QHYH could protect endothelial cells from high glucose-induced damages, such as ROS production, down-regulation of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and reduction of NO generation. The protective properties of QHYH were partially attributed to UCP2 mRNA/protein expression, because silence of UCP2 gene by siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) abolished such effects. A total of 28 extracts and 11 active components isolated from QHYH were functionally analyzed. Of which, TMP displayed comparable antioxidant and endothelial protective effects as QHYH. Significance: All of the data, taken together, point to some therapeutic potential of QHYH and TMP for vascular complications of diabetes.
This study was designed to gain insights into the antioxidant mechanism of a Chinese herbal remedy, Qing Huo Yi Hao (QHYH), and its active components against oxidative stress induced by high glucose in endothelial cells. Main methods: Effects of QHYH on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) generation were measured with the fluorescent markers H 2 DCF-DA and DAF-FM DA, respectively. Phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B)/eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression were studied by Western blot techniques. Influences of QHYH and one of the active components (tetramethylpyrazine, TMP) on UCP2 expression were subsequently evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Using RNA interference techniques, the involvement of UCP2 in high glucose-induced ROS production in mouse brain microvascular (bEnd.3) cells and its correlation with the antioxidant effect of QHYH were further assessed. Key findings: Our results showed that QHYH could protect endothelial cells from high glucose-induced damages, such as ROS production, down-regulation of Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and reduction of NO generation. The protective properties of QHYH were partially attributed to UCP2 mRNA/protein expression, because silence of UCP2 gene by siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) abolished such effects. A total of 28 extracts and 11 active components isolated from QHYH were functionally analyzed. Of which, TMP displayed comparable antioxidant and endothelial protective effects as QHYH. Significance: All of the data, taken together, point to some therapeutic potential of QHYH and TMP for vascular complications of diabetes.
Objective The aim of the present work was to observe the activation/deactivation of cerebral functional regions after electroacupuncture (EA) at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 by functional MRI (fMRI). Design A total of 12 healthy volunteers were stimulated by EA at Yintang and GV20 for 30 min. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before EA, and at 5 and 15 min after needle removal. Statistical parametric mapping was used to preprocess initial data, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were analysed. Results ReHo at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the left temporal lobe and cerebellum and decreases in the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right precuneus. At 15 min post stimulation, ReHo showed increases in the left fusiform gyrus; lingual gyrus; middle temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; limbic lobe; cingulate gyrus; paracentral lobule; cerebellum, posterior lobe, declive; right cuneus and cerebellum, anterior lobe, culmen. It also showed decreases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and right cingulate gyrus. ALFF at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the right temporal lobe, but decreases in the right limbic lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. At 15 min post stimulation ALFF showed increases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, but decreases in the left frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions After EA stimulation at Yintang and GV20, which are associated with psychiatric disorder treatments, changes were localised in the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum. Changes were higher in number and intensity at 15 min than at 5 min after needle removal, demonstrating lasting and strong after-effects of EA on cerebral functional regions.
Objective The aim of the present work was to observe the activation/deactivation of cerebral functional regions after electroacupuncture (EA) at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 by functional MRI (fMRI). Design A total of 12 healthy volunteers were stimulated by EA at Yintang and GV20 for 30 min. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before EA, and at 5 and 15 min after needle removal. Statistical parametric mapping was used to preprocess initial data, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were analysed. Results ReHo at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the left temporal lobe and cerebellum and decreases in the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right precuneus. At 15 min post stimulation, ReHo showed increases in the left fusiform gyrus; lingual gyrus; middle temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; limbic lobe; cingulate gyrus; paracentral lobule; cerebellum, posterior lobe, declive; right cuneus and cerebellum, anterior lobe, culmen. It also showed decreases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and right cingulate gyrus. ALFF at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the right temporal lobe, but decreases in the right limbic lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. At 15 min post stimulation ALFF showed increases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, but decreases in the left frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions After EA stimulation at Yintang and GV20, which are associated with psychiatric disorder treatments, changes were localised in the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum. Changes were higher in number and intensity at 15 min than at 5 min after needle removal, demonstrating lasting and strong after-effects of EA on cerebral functional regions.
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