14:5nW; 30 dB Analog Front-End in 90-nm Technology for Biopotential Signal Detection

Diab, Maha S.; Mahmoud, Soliman A.

doi:10.1109/tsp49548.2020.9163572

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The performance of the proposed comb filter utilizing the VDGA is meticulously compared in Table 2 with existing circuits found in the literature, considering various aspects such as application, technology, active block, number of active blocks, number of passive components, voltage supply, rejection frequency, notch depth, and THD. Table 2 clearly illustrates that the circuits documented in studies [12,13,15,18,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and Kumngern et al [33] are primarily designed for notching a single frequency only. Through this comparative analysis, it is evident that the proposed structure stands out as highly advantageous, requiring fewer active blocks and passive components when compared to designs presented in studies [14,16,17,21], all while achieving notching for the same number of undesirable frequencies (n=4).…”

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notch filters to eliminate 60Hz frequency are proposed in the studies [25,26] using op-amps, with the latter employing 65nm CMOS technology. Employing 90nm CMOS technology, the authors [27] introduce an OTA-C filter structure for notch and lowpass filtering to suppress the 50Hz frequency. Furthermore, Zhang et al [28] propose another OTA-based low-pass filter and a notch filter in 0.18µm CMOS technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing comb filters present several noteworthy limitations. Firstly, the active comb filter is confined to the removal of a single frequency, i.e., only the fundamental frequency of the PLI [12,13,15,18,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]33]. Furthermore, using excessive active blocks and passive components in the circuit design, as observed in studies , results in complex circuits, increasing the chip area and power consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Realization of VDGA-Based Comb Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing

Banarjee,

Pathak,

Sarkar

et al. 2024

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This research article presents the systematic development of a current-mode-based active comb filter designed to mitigate the undesirable PLI (power line interference) and its harmonics contaminating biomedical signals. The filter is designed using the latest currentmode Analog Building Block (ABB), specifically Voltage Differencing Gain Amplifiers (VDGA). This filter effectively suppresses the 50Hz PLI and reduces the odd consecutive harmonics of the 50Hz PLI, including the third harmonic at 150Hz, the fifth harmonic at 250Hz, and the seventh harmonic at 350Hz. In this design, we employ 'n' VDGAs as active components and '2n' capacitors as passive components to suppress 'n' frequencies. The active and passive components used in this filter are significantly fewer in number compared to similar filter designs in existing literature. Moreover, the filter can be electronically tuned for a specific pole frequency and quality factor value using the VDGA's bias currents. It's important to note that the pole frequency and the quality factor can be independently tuned owing to their orthogonal relationship. In simulation, the proposed filter demonstrates a notch depth of -42.9dB and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of -83dB, indicating its effectiveness in attenuating the pole frequency. The filter's design is simulated using a 0.18µm CMOS process technology and the macro-model of the MAX435 IC in the PSPICE simulator to validate its functionality and feasibility. Furthermore, a non-ideal analysis of the filter's performance has been conducted, considering real VDGAs exhibiting nonidealities such as transconductance gain errors and parasitics on their ports. Finally, the overall performance of this filter is compared based on various parameters, including the technology used, the number of active and passive components, supply voltage, the number of pole frequencies attenuated, notch depth, and THD, in comparison with existing comb and notch filters in the literature. The filter's performance and simplicity make it a promising choice in demanding biomedical detection systems.

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Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Realization of VDGA-Based Comb Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing

Banarjee,

Pathak,

Sarkar

et al. 2024

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“…Elliptic filters have the significant features of a narrow transition band and fast attenuation. Accordingly, Maha S. Diab et al adopted Elliptic filters in a general front-end for biopotential signal detection [ 71 ]. The front end can be used for EEG, ECG, and EMG signal acquisition, which is further processed by a filter after passing through a variable gain amplifier (VGA) ( Figure 5 (di)).…”

Section: Signal Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( d ) Biopotential signal detection front-end with Elliptic filter. The block diagram (i), magnitude response of the proposed notch filter (ii), and low pass filter (iii) [ 71 ]. Reproduced with permission, Copyright 2020, IEEE.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Data Acquisition of Wearable Sensors

Liu

Kong

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Wearable sensors have demonstrated wide applications from medical treatment, health monitoring to real-time tracking, human-machine interface, smart home, and motion capture because of the capability of in situ and online monitoring. Data acquisition is extremely important for wearable sensors, including modules of probes, signal conditioning, and analog-to-digital conversion. However, signal conditioning, analog-to-digital conversion, and data transmission have received less attention than probes, especially flexible sensing materials, in research on wearable sensors. Here, as a supplement, this paper systematically reviews the recent progress of characteristics, applications, and optimizations of transistor amplifiers and typical filters in signal conditioning, and mainstream analog-to-digital conversion strategies. Moreover, possible research directions on the data acquisition of wearable sensors are discussed at the end of the paper.

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Electronically Tuneable Low Power Cascaded OTAC Fifth Order Notch Filter for Front End ECG Processing System

Dixit,

Kumar,

Shukla

et al. 2024

2024 5th International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC)

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14:5nW; 30 dB Analog Front-End in 90-nm Technology for Biopotential Signal Detection

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Systematic Realization of VDGA-Based Comb Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing

Systematic Realization of VDGA-Based Comb Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing

Progress in Data Acquisition of Wearable Sensors

Electronically Tuneable Low Power Cascaded OTAC Fifth Order Notch Filter for Front End ECG Processing System

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