14 MeV neutron irradiation effects in macor glass-ceramic

Fowler, J.D.; Hurley, G.F.; Kennedy, James C.; Clinard, F.W.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(82)90689-4

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the radiolysis mechanism has always been considered to be responsible for TEM/STEM damage in insulating oxides. In silicate minerals and glasses, there are two types of beam damage phenomena which have frequently been observed in TEMs: phase separation and O 2 bubble formation [62][63][64][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. In addition, phase transitions from crystal to amorphous and vice versa have also been reported [84,85].…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 95%

Electron beam damage in oxides: a review

2015

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This review summarizes a variety of beam damage phenomena relating to oxides in (scanning) transmission electron microscopes, and underlines the shortcomings of currently popular mechanisms. These phenomena include mass loss, valence state reduction, phase decomposition, precipitation, gas bubble formation, phase transformation, amorphization and crystallization. Moreover, beam damage is also dependent on specimen thickness, specimen orientation, beam voltage, beam current density and beam size. This article incorporates all of these damage phenomena and experimental dependences into a general description, interpreted by a unified mechanism of damage by induced electric field. The induced electric field is produced by positive charges, which are generated from excitation and ionization. The distribution of the induced electric fields inside a specimen is beam-illumination- and specimen-shape- dependent, and associated with the experimental dependence of beam damage. Broadly speaking, the mechanism operates differently in two types of material. In type I, damage increases the resistivity of the irradiated materials, and is thus divergent, resulting in phase separation. In type II, damage reduces the resistivity of the irradiated materials, and is thus convergent, resulting in phase transformation. Damage by this mechanism is dependent on electron-beam current density. The two experimental thresholds are current density and irradiation time. The mechanism comes into effect when these thresholds are exceeded, below which the conventional mechanisms of knock-on and radiolysis still dominate.

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Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 95%

Electron beam damage in oxides: a review

2015

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“…Fowler et al, 1981], the ionization dose from this 14-MeV fluence was found to be -6 x 10^Gy and the ionization dose from a fission irradiation that caused -4% swelling in mica was -2 x 10^G y (Figure 9.2.2).…”

Section: Change In Volumementioning

confidence: 86%

Irradiation damage in inorganic insulation materials for ITER magnets:

1994

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“…A glass ceramic made of 50 vol. % fluorophlogopite mica crystals embedded in a borosilicate glassy matrix exhibits properties stability and even strength gain when exposed to high-fluence neutron irradiation [15]. Glass ceramics based on…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Features and Synthesis of CeO₂-Doped Boroaluminosilicate Oxyfluoride Transparent Glass Ceramics

Wang

Cheng

2015

Journal of Chemistry

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This study investigated the effects of CeO2on structure and synthesis of boroaluminosilicate transparent glass ceramics containing CaF2nanocrystals prepared through isothermal crystallization of the melt-quenched glasses with composition 54SiO2–10B2O3–13Al2O3–14Na2O–3ZnO–2Li2O–4CaF2doped with 0–1.2 mol% CeO2. CeO2in polyvalent states acting as network modifier leads to disruption of the silicate network and the conversion of [BO3] to [BO4] generating the nonlinear variations in crystallization, and thermodynamic and optical features. Glass transition temperature and the crystallization temperature decrease firstly and then increase with the increase of CeO2content. Correspondingly, the size of CaF2nanoscale crystals and the absorption coefficient of the glass ceramics are found to pass through a maximum and then decrease with increasing CeO2addition. Increasing CeO2concentration and elevating treating temperature lead to red-shift of absorption edge and transparency deterioration of glass ceramics.

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14 MeV neutron irradiation effects in macor glass-ceramic

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Electron beam damage in oxides: a review

Electron beam damage in oxides: a review

Irradiation damage in inorganic insulation materials for ITER magnets:

Structural Features and Synthesis of CeO₂-Doped Boroaluminosilicate Oxyfluoride Transparent Glass Ceramics

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14 MeV neutron irradiation effects in macor glass-ceramic

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Electron beam damage in oxides: a review

Electron beam damage in oxides: a review

Irradiation damage in inorganic insulation materials for ITER magnets:

Structural Features and Synthesis of CeO2-Doped Boroaluminosilicate Oxyfluoride Transparent Glass Ceramics

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Product

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Structural Features and Synthesis of CeO₂-Doped Boroaluminosilicate Oxyfluoride Transparent Glass Ceramics