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Krunks, Malle; Leskelä, Tuula; Mannonen, R.; Niinistö, Lauri

doi:10.1023/a:1010157528347

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…And this result is quite similar to the previous report. [12] The as-formed [Cu(tu)]Cl•1/2H 2 O, a rod-like complex can further transform into Cu 1.8 S as the reaction temperature increased, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Phase Evolution of CuS System in Ethylene Glycol Solution: the Effect of Anion and PVP on the Transformation of Thiourea

et al. 2013

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The transformation mechanisms of thiourea in ethylene glycol solution was systematically investigated in this report, which shows the transformation process is influenced by the anion (NO 3− , Cl − , Br − ) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Thiourea (tu) isomerizes into ammonium thiocyanate when NO 3− is present, regardless of the existence of PVP. For Cl − , thiourea coordinates with copper anion to form [Cu(tu)]Cl•1/2H 2 O complex whether PVP is present. When it comes to Br − , thiourea hydrolyzes in the cooperation of PVP or coordinates with copper anion to form [Cu(tu)Br]•1/2H 2 O complex without PVP. The different transformation routes will lead to different phase evolution of the Cu-S system. This work may provide a new understanding of the transformation of thiourea in ethylene glycol solution. The optical properties of the as-prepared copper sulfides exhibit significant stoichiometrydependent features which may have potential applications in semiconductor photovoltaic devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Phase Evolution of CuS System in Ethylene Glycol Solution: the Effect of Anion and PVP on the Transformation of Thiourea

et al. 2013

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“…To dissolve CuCl in an aqueous solution, at least three fold molar amount of thiourea required to be present, otherwise precipitation of CuCl (SC(NH 2 ) 2 )ċ0.5H 2 O may occur [9]. Thus, the spray-solutions for CZTS contained excess amount of thiourea needed beyond the stoichiometric ratio.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

Kamoun¹,

Bouzouita²,

Rezig³

2007

Thin Solid Films

419

150

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“…Dutault [9] found later that the sprayed films contain additionally to chlorine nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon in relatively large amounts. In spite of the results of these earlier studies the chemical spray was considered for a long time to be the method of producing single phase films [1,6,12]. The our results of chemical analysis and earlier literature results could be explained by the presence of thermal decomposition products of complexes formed already in initial solutions.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Sprayed Cds and Zns Filmsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The following decomposition of formed complexes is very complicated stepwise process and proceeds in forming of the solid thin film and different solid mediates and gaseous products. For example, the possible gaseous decomposition products of Cd(SCN 2 H 4 ) 2 Cl in inert atmosphere are HNCS, NH 3 , CS 2 , H 2 NCN and HCl and the main crystalline products at different temperature intervals are NH 4 CdCl 3, CdS, , Cd 3 O 2 SO 4 , Cd 3 O 2 Cl 2 and CdO [12]. As a result, the sprayed films contain different solid decomposition products in concentrations that depends on the substrate temperature.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Sprayed Cds and Zns Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Purity of Chemically Sprayed Thin Films

Bijakina

Krunks

Mellikov

2000

Interface Controlled Materials

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The influence of different experimental parameters to the chemical purity of thin films prepared by chemical spray process is studied. It is shown that the sprayed A 2 B 6 and CuInS 2 thin films contain different solid decomposition products in concentrations that depends on the substrate temperature and ratio of components in the initial solutions. IntroductionThe conversion of sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic properties of materials is the most elegant alternative energy conversion process due to the immense solar energy resource. The limitations of solar energy practical use are high price of produced electricity due to the highly dispersed character of solar radiation, low efficiency and high price of solar cells materials and technologies. Therefore, research into photovoltaic alternatives is imperative to make the technology competitive. This includes the development of low-cost techniques, higher efficiency thin films cells that require less material. Spray pyrolysis method is a widely used process to produce large-area metal oxide and chalcogenide thin films and it seems attractive for depositing low cost films of ternary compounds, too. Large number of investigations are connected with sprayed ZnO, CIS and A 2 B 6 thin films for different applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] in which the dependence of film properties on the technological parameters has been studied. It is shown that the spray pyrolysis is very suitable to prepare metal oxide thin films due to no need for the use of inert atmospheres [1-3]. The influence of experimental parameters as growth temperature and doping with dopants is investigated with the goal to obtain thin metal oxide films with high optical transparency and electrical conductivity. The effect of the growth temperature on the structure of CIS type films prepared by spray pyrolysis is studied in papers [4][5][6]. The film growth temperature in the range of 300 -400 °C is usually used to deposit the films. It is shown, that the composition of the starting solution (Cu/In and S/Cu) has a strong effect to the composition and structure as well as on the properties of sprayed films [4][5] and that Cu/In ratio is higher in the films than that in starting solution, especially at growth temperatures higher than 400 °C [6]. Copper-rich solutions lead to highly textured films whereas crystal growth in the film is accelerated by presence of copper containing phases which segregate on the surface of the film [4][5]. At the same time there is no studies dealing with the effect of the composition of starting solutions and the spraying process parameters on the impurity concentration and chemical composition of the different films. This paper has the aim to represent our results in this field.Interface Controlled Materials. Edited by M. Rühle and H. Gleiter

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Untitled

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

Phase Evolution of CuS System in Ethylene Glycol Solution: the Effect of Anion and PVP on the Transformation of Thiourea

Phase Evolution of CuS System in Ethylene Glycol Solution: the Effect of Anion and PVP on the Transformation of Thiourea

Fabrication and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

Chemical Purity of Chemically Sprayed Thin Films

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