Proteins containing Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] clusters with two histidyl and two cysteinyl ligands play important roles in many biological electron transfer reactions such as aerobic respiration, photosynthesis, and biodegradation of various alkene and aromatic compounds. The distinct biological functions of this protein family are in part associated with the cluster redox potential and the pK of the oxidized form, which are roughly correlated with the number of hydrogen bonds from protein side chains and the peptide backbone to the cluster and its immediate ligands (1-6).In the cytochrome bc 1 /b 6f family, a Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) 4 is a constituent of the high potential electron transfer chain that accepts the first electron in the bifurcated reaction at the ubihydroquinone (quinol, QH 2 ) oxidizing Q o site. In the catalytic mechanism at the Q o site, the redox reaction involves extraction of both an electron and a proton from the bound quinol and their transfer to the ISP through a short pathway that includes the ISP His-161 ring and the H-bond between N â and the -OH of the quinol substrate (7). It has been proposed that the electron transfer is gated by the low probability of finding the H-atom of the H-bond in the kinetically favorable position, determined by the pK difference between the quinol and the oxidized ISP (ISP ox ) (reviewed in Refs. 5 and 6). The pK on ISP ox is contributed by one of the cluster ligands, His-161 in bovine numbering, and is associated with H Ï© dissociation from the N â involved in the H-bond. The gating accounts for the fact that this first electron transfer is slower by more than 3 orders of magnitude than would be expected from the short distance (Ïł7 Ă
) involved (6, 7). The first electron transfer is the ratedetermining step in quinol oxidation under conditions of substrate saturation. Rate determination at this reaction is demonstrated by the fact that the overall rate depends on its driving force in a classical Marcus fashion, as shown through use of mutants of the ISP with modified redox potential (6 -13). Briefly, the driving force, âŹG o , for the first electron transfer is determined by the redox potential difference between the donor (SQ/QH 2 ) and acceptor (ISP ox /ISPH) couples. Assuming that mutations in the ISP do not change E m (SQ/QH 2 ), a change in * This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM 35438 (to A. R. C.) and GM 62954 (to S. A. D.), Fogarty Grant PHS 1 RO3 TW 01495 (to A. R. C. and R. I. S.), and National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources Grant S10-RR15878 for instrumentation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: dikanov@uiuc.edu. 2 Present address: Dept. of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540. 3 To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:...