15.2 the Latino Social Justice Trainee Psychiatry Perspective

Robles-Ramamurthy, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.762

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Incarcerated youth have a right to obtain some form of education while incarcerated (Gagnon et al, 2009); however, the quality of education provided may be limiting and their educational trajectories are still disrupted. Being involved in the juvenile justice system has been shown to decrease rates of high school graduation which impact employment opportunities and income (Robles-Ramamurthy & Watson, 2019). Lack of employment and income lead to other negative consequences such as homelessness and eviction (Remster, 2019), which juvenile justice involved-youth experience at higher rates.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lack of employment and income lead to other negative consequences such as homelessness and eviction (Remster, 2019), which juvenile justice involved-youth experience at higher rates. And finally, rates of recidivism are higher among individuals who have been detained, which results in increased likelihood of further involvement in the CJS and compounded negative consequences (Robles-Ramamurthy & Watson, 2019; Sittner Hartshorn et al, 2015).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult Outcomes of Justice Involved Indigenous Youth

Sittner

Estes

2020

Race and Justice

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Juvenile arrest serves as a critical turning point in the life-course that disrupts the successful transition to adulthood and carries numerous consequences including diminished socioeconomic status. Despite their disproportionately high rates of contact with the criminal justice system (CJS), Indigenous people’s experiences remain largely invisible in extant research. Further, colonization has left them in an extremely marginalized position in terms of social, economic, and political power, which is compounded by CJS involvement. In the current study, we apply propensity score matching to investigate whether being arrested in adolescence impacts early adult socioeconomic outcomes (i.e., education, employment, and income). Data come from the Healing Pathways project, a longitudinal, community-based participatory study of North American Indigenous young people that includes eight waves of data in adolescence and three waves in early adulthood. We find that being arrested at least once in adolescence is associated with higher rates of unemployment, not completing high school, and low income, and lower rates of full-time employment and post-secondary education in young adulthood (mean age = 26.2 years). Criminal justice system involvement widens existing socioeconomic disparities, and remedying these consequences requires changes in how CJS policies are enacted as well as larger structural changes to address significant inequities in income, education, and employment for Indigenous people.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Outcomes of Justice Involved Indigenous Youth

Sittner

Estes

2020

Race and Justice

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“…Traumatic loss, combined with inequities in resources, is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and long-term mental and physical health consequences (Anda, Porter, & Brown, 2020; Felitti et al, 1998) and a particularly fragile circumstance for children’s development (Shonkoff et al, 2012). Exposure to multiple traumatic experiences and social inequities are well-established mental health and medical liabilities for low-income communities and people of color, already persistently contributing to disruption in educational attainment (Porche, Fortuna, Lin, & Alegria, 2011), the school to prison pipeline (Barnes & Motz, 2018; Mallett, 2017), and disproportionate representation in juvenile justice and chronic poverty (Robles-Ramamurthy & Watson, 2019). The ongoing loss of a generation of elders due to COVID-19 is another painful source of grief and a profound loss for families.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inequity and the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on communities of color in the United States: The need for a trauma-informed social justice response.

Fortuna¹,

Tolou‐Shams²,

Robles-Ramamurthy³

et al. 2020

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

311

257

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COVID-19 has had disproportionate contagion and fatality in Black, Latino, and Native American communities and among the poor in the United States. Toxic stress resulting from racial and social inequities have been magnified during the pandemic, with implications for poor physical and mental health and socioeconomic outcomes. It is imperative that our country focus and invest in addressing health inequities and work across sectors to build self-efficacy and long-term capacity within communities and systems of care serving the most disenfranchised, now and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 epidemic.

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“…Furthermore, in an attempt to address well-documented injustices in the juvenile legal system, Washington state implemented the manifest injustice provision, permitting judges to make a determination about whether a juvenile’s disposition was considered an injustice and subsequently using this provision to reduce or increase sentencing as deemed appropriate by clear and convincing evidence (Robles-Ramamurthy & Watson, 2019). Researchers then conducted a study to determine which racial/ethnic groups would benefit most from the manifest injustice provision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic risk and differential impacts of probation: Examining age, race, and gender as responsivity factors.

Barnes-Lee¹,

Goodson²,

Scott³

2023

Law and Human Behavior

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Objective: Juvenile courts that apply the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model should periodically reassess youths and observe reductions in risk. There is a gap in knowledge concerning the reliable implementation of the specific responsivity principle of the RNR model, which emphasizes considering youths' unique characteristics to support rehabilitation success. In the present study, we aimed to identify whether specific responsivity factors (i.e., age, gender, and race/ethnicity) and supervision experiences (i.e., time under supervision and participation in judicial programs) effect changes in risk scores. Hypotheses: We anticipated that (a) time under supervision would be negatively associated with dynamic risk, (b) participation in judicial programs would be positively associated with dynamic risk, and (c) race/ethnicity (not age or gender) would moderate the relationship between supervision experiences and dynamic risk. Method: The sample consisted of 360 youths who served probation in a midwestern court. We tested multilevel models to determine differential impacts of supervision experiences on dynamic risk across responsivity factors, controlling for initial risk scores and offense seriousness. Results: Partially confirming our hypotheses, results showed that spending longer periods on probation and being referred to judicial programs were both associated with negative changes in risk scores (i.e., risk scores increased over time). There was no effect of age or gender; however, race/ethnicity predicted dynamic risk. The average change in risk score was 1.81 units lower for historically marginalized youths (b = −1.82, SE = 0.68, p = .01), and the magnitude of the effect was significantly driven by multiracial youths. As expected, race/ethnicity moderated the relationship between time on probation and changes in risk scores. Conclusions: Findings indicate that improper application of the specific responsivity principle of the RNR model may diminish desired rehabilitation outcomes. Closing this theory-to-practice gap would improve court supervision experiences for all youths. In future studies, researchers should continue investigating specific responsivity factors and the dynamic validity of risk assessment. Public Significance StatementProbation services offered by some juvenile courts may be associated with reductions in risk of recidivism, but juvenile courts should be careful not to assume that a universal approach to judicial treatment will lead to similar patterns of rehabilitation success for all youths. The body of literature undergirding this research underscores the importance of juvenile courts providing services and programs that are age appropriate, gender-responsive, and culturally relevant; the present study specifically highlights the need for attention to cultural relevance.

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15.2 the Latino Social Justice Trainee Psychiatry Perspective

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Adult Outcomes of Justice Involved Indigenous Youth

Adult Outcomes of Justice Involved Indigenous Youth

Inequity and the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on communities of color in the United States: The need for a trauma-informed social justice response.

Dynamic risk and differential impacts of probation: Examining age, race, and gender as responsivity factors.

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