15-Second conducted electrical weapon exposure does not cause core temperature elevation in non-environmentally stressed resting adults

Dawes, Donald M.; Ho, Jeffrey D.; Johnson, Mark; Lundin, Erik J.; Janchar, Timothy A.; Miner, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.09.014

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…17 Multiple clinical studies have not shown ECD-induced VF in healthy volunteers. But, because of ethical considerations, even those few studies testing actual barbs to the anterior chest and single 15-second exposures 21 may not be able to replicate the clinical scenario of a frightened/fleeing/fighting individual.…”

Section: Animal and Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death Following Application of Shocks From a TASER Electronic Control Device

Zipes

2012

Circulation

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Background-The safety of electronic control devices (ECDs) has been questioned. The goal of this study was to analyze in detail cases of loss of consciousness associated with ECD deployment. Methods and Results-Eight cases of TASER X26 ECD-induced loss of consciousness were studied. In each instance, when available, police, medical, and emergency response records, ECD dataport interrogation, automated external defibrillator information, ECG strips, depositions, and autopsy results were analyzed. First recorded rhythms were ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation in 6 cases and asystole (after Ϸ30 minutes of nonresponsiveness) in 1 case. An external defibrillator reported a shockable rhythm in 1 case, but no recording was made. This report offers evidence detailing the mechanism by which an ECD can produce transthoracic stimulation resulting in cardiac electrical capture and ventricular arrhythmias leading to cardiac arrest. Conclusions-ECD

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Section: Animal and Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death Following Application of Shocks From a TASER Electronic Control Device

Zipes

2012

Circulation

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“…18, 19 Medical research indicates that most deaths associated with these weapons are the result of positional asphyxia, pre-existing health conditions, or drug-related factors. 20,21 CEDs appear to be relatively safe when used on healthy individuals in clinically controlled research settings, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] but these weapons are not risk free. For example, CEDs may increase one's chance of secondary head injuries from falls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Less-Lethal Weapons on Injuries in Police Use-of-Force Events

2009

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Police officers are disproportionately affected by intentional injuries in the workplace.1 Although incidents of use of force by police officers account for less than 2% of the estimated total of police and civilian contacts (official interaction between any person and an officer), the prevalence of injury to civilians and officers in these situations is high. Few rigorous studies have examined the effect of policy decisions to adopt less-lethal weapons on the incidence of injuries to suspects and officers. Several studies have suggested that adoption of less-lethal weapons has led to substantial reductions in assaults on officers and injuries to suspects but have either failed to control for the level of resistance by the suspect or other important circumstances [39][40][41] or have relied on simple comparisons of injury rates before and after the introduction of less-lethal weapons. [42][43][44] These studies suffer from a number of potential methodological problems, including regression to the mean and a lack of sufficient control variables. Also, because research in this area has been sponsored by law enforcement agencies, lack of independence has been a point of contention. 15,17,45 Use of force by police involves multiple types of force, so it is critical to assess the independent contribution of less-lethal weapons on the prevalence and incidence of injury to the suspects and officers involved. Injury from police use-of-force incidents continues to be a public health problem affecting tens of thousands of people in the United States each year. We investigated whether use of less-lethal weapons was associated with the likelihood of injuries to suspects and officers during police-civilian use-of-force incidents after statistical control for other important aspects of the events.Relying on administrative data collected by 12 police departments across the United States (collected from 1998 through 2007), we investigated whether the use of CEDs or OC spray was associated with the odds of injury to officers and suspects in use-of-force cases. Because an association between use of these weapons and injury could result from selection effects, whereby events that require these weapons' application by police are more serious than those that do not, we tested for such an effect by examining whether these associations remained after control for important confounders including physical force used by the police; relative physical resistance from suspects; age, race, and gender of suspects; differences in departmental policies restricting use of force by the police; and average agency differences in the prevalence of use of force. Finally, to assess the effect that an agency's Objectives. We investigated the effect of the use of less-lethal weapons, conductive energy devices (CEDs), and oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray on the prevalence and incidence of injuries to police officers and civilians in encounters involving the use of force.Methods. We analyzed data from 12 police departments that documented injuries to officers...

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“…Dawes et al 64 reported that a 15-s ECD exposure did not cause core temperature elevation in resting adults. Jauchem et al 33 found no change in rectal temperature even after many repeated ECD exposures in anesthetized swine.…”

Section: Lack Of Hyperthermia During Ecd Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,15,55 Hyperthermia Not associated in animal 33 or human studies. 64 Usually required for diagnosis; 14,15 often associated with cocaine. 14 …”

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deaths in custody: Are some due to electronic control devices (including TASER® devices) or excited delirium?

Jauchem

2010

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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a b s t r a c tDeaths have occurred after law-enforcement incidents involving applications of electronic control devices (ECDs) (including TASER Ò devices). An ''excited delirium" syndrome (reported in the literature prior to the development of ECDs currently in use), however, includes several factors that may be related to such deaths in custody. In this review, potential detrimental effects of ECDs are compared with possible changes due to excited delirium. Although extreme (i.e., long-duration or repeated) exposures to ECDs can result in significant hyperkalaemia, acidaemia, and myoglobinemia in animal models, limited applications (such as those normally used in law-enforcement situations) would appear to have only transient effects. In addition, the hyperthermia observed in patients with excited delirium does not seem to be directly exacerbated by ECD applications. ECD use is unlikely to be a common cause of ventricular fibrillation, but other events that are generally associated with excited delirium (e.g., drug use) may be related to subsequent ventricular fibrillation or asystole. Metabolic or respiratory acidosis may only be serious consequences of long-duration or repeated ECD applications. On the basis of current available information, factors other than ECDs themselves may be more important when death occurs after the use of ECDs.

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15-Second conducted electrical weapon exposure does not cause core temperature elevation in non-environmentally stressed resting adults

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death Following Application of Shocks From a TASER Electronic Control Device

Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death Following Application of Shocks From a TASER Electronic Control Device

The Effect of Less-Lethal Weapons on Injuries in Police Use-of-Force Events

Deaths in custody: Are some due to electronic control devices (including TASER® devices) or excited delirium?

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