15 The Symbiotic Phenotype of Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes and Their Endo- and Epibionts

Honegger, Rosmarie

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30826-0_15

Cited by 94 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 315 publications

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“…4E) possibly due to locally secreted A. nidulans cell wall remodeling enzymes. We saw no evidence of any morphologically complex tissue structures, such as those seen in many lichens, nor of fungal hyphae penetrating algal cells (11, 20). Thus, these synthetic mutualisms may result in physical complexes but they do not form elaborate morphological structures at the cellular or organismal level.…”

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confidence: 75%

“…However, mutants that cannot reduce nitrite did form obligate mutualisms (Fig. S5), suggesting that a loss of gene function in one species could be complemented through mutualism (11, 19). …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Electron microscopy of interactions between C. reinhardtii and A. nidulans , which shares a most recent common ancestor with lichenous fungi within the class Eurotiomycetes (10), revealed a tight fungal-algal contact interface (Fig. 4C–D) reminiscent of wall-to-wall interfaces between fungal and algal cells in extant lichens (11). The walls of C. reinhardtii cells in contact with A. nidulans hyphae are less heavily stained and appear thinner than C. reinhardtii cells cultured separately (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Niche engineering demonstrates a latent capacity for fungal-algal mutualism

Hom

Murray

2014

Science

201

178

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Mutualistic symbioses shape the evolution of species and ecosystems and catalyze the emergence of biological complexity, yet how such symbioses first form is unclear. We show that an obligate mutualism between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii—two model eukaryotes with very different life histories—can arise spontaneously in an environment requiring reciprocal carbon and nitrogen exchange. This capacity for mutualism is phylogenetically broad, extending to other Chlamydomonas and fungal species. Furthermore, we witnessed the spontaneous association of Chlamydomonas algal cells physically interacting with filamentous fungi. These observations demonstrate that under specific conditions, environmental change induces free-living species to become obligate mutualists and establishes a set of experimentally tractable, phylogenetically related, synthetic systems for studying the evolution of symbiosis.

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Niche engineering demonstrates a latent capacity for fungal-algal mutualism

Hom

Murray

2014

Science

201

178

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“…Internalization of a partner may help to provide a more uniform and stable environment for these partners. This symbiotic design has evolved as a convergence in unrelated fungal lineages (Grube and Hawksworth, 2007;Honegger, 2012). It has been optimized not only for the association with carbon-providing algal photobionts (Kranner et al, 2005), but also for the enrichment of bacterial supporters.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring functional contexts of symbiotic sustain within lichen-associated bacteria by comparative omics

et al. 2014

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Symbioses represent a frequent and successful lifestyle on earth and lichens are one of their classic examples. Recently, bacterial communities were identified as stable, specific and structurally integrated partners of the lichen symbiosis, but their role has remained largely elusive in comparison to the well-known functions of the fungal and algal partners. We have explored the metabolic potentials of the microbiome using the lung lichen Lobaria pulmonaria as the model. Metagenomic and proteomic data were comparatively assessed and visualized by Voronoi treemaps. The study was complemented with molecular, microscopic and physiological assays. We have found that more than 800 bacterial species have the ability to contribute multiple aspects to the symbiotic system, including essential functions such as (i) nutrient supply, especially nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur, (ii) resistance against biotic stress factors (that is, pathogen defense), (iii) resistance against abiotic factors, (iv) support of photosynthesis by provision of vitamin B 12 , (v) fungal and algal growth support by provision of hormones, (vi) detoxification of metabolites, and (vii) degradation of older parts of the lichen thallus. Our findings showed the potential of lichenassociated bacteria to interact with the fungal as well as algal partner to support health, growth and fitness of their hosts. We developed a model of the symbiosis depicting the functional multi-player network of the participants, and argue that the strategy of functional diversification in lichens supports the longevity and persistence of lichens under extreme and changing ecological conditions.

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“…In most cyanolichens, thin-walled mycobiont hyphae penetrate the gelatinous sheaths of cyanobionts but are not in direct contact with the cyanobacterial cell wall. For more details of the anatomy of lichen thalli, the reader is referred to the recent review by Honegger (2012). The light-absorbing fungal pigments and refractive structures in the cortex influence the quantity and quality of light that reaches the photobiont layer (Bjerke et al 2005;Wu et al 2014).…”

Section: The Lichen Thallusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria in Terrestrial Symbiotic Systems

Rikkinen

2017

Modern Topics in the Phototrophic Prokaryotes

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Filamentous cyanobacteria are important primary producers and N 2 fixers in many terrestrial environments. As reduced nitrogen is often limiting, some thalloid liverworts (Marchantiophyta), hornworts (Anthocerophyta), the water fern Azolla (Salviniales), cycads (Cycadophyta), and the angiosperm Gunnera (Gunnerales) have evolved the ability to establish stable and structurally welldefined symbioses with N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria. Also a wide diversity of lichenforming fungi have cyanobacteria as photosynthetic symbionts or as N 2 -fixing symbionts. Cyanolichen symbioses have evolved independently in different fungal lineages, and evolution has often resulted in convergent morphologies in distantly related groups. DNA techniques have provided a wealth of new information on the diversity of symbiotic cyanobacteria and their hosts. The fact that many plants and fungi engage in many different symbioses simultaneously underlines the probable significance of diffuse evolutionary relationships between different symbiotic systems, including cyanobacterial and mycorrhizal associations. This review introduces the reader to recent research on symbiotic cyanobacteria in terrestrial ecosystems and shortly describes the astonishing range of diversity in these ecologically important associations.

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15 The Symbiotic Phenotype of Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes and Their Endo- and Epibionts

Cited by 94 publications

References 315 publications

Niche engineering demonstrates a latent capacity for fungal-algal mutualism

Niche engineering demonstrates a latent capacity for fungal-algal mutualism

Exploring functional contexts of symbiotic sustain within lichen-associated bacteria by comparative omics

Cyanobacteria in Terrestrial Symbiotic Systems

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