150 x 120 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission over 4096 km of large effective area fiber with commercial Raman DWDM system

Chang, Do-il; Pelouch, Wayne; Perrier, Philippe; Février, H.; Ten, S.; Towery, Christopher; Makovejs, Sergejs

doi:10.1364/oe.22.031057

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The obtained results are further generalised by accounting for the pump depletion, XPM and SPM, and time dependence (GVD and walk-off between the pump and signal waves). This manipulation provides an opportunity to gain insight into the RIN 33 and extreme statistics in the FRAs 47 as a function of the PMD parameters and to adapt the developed methods to characterise the parametric 48 and Brillouin 49 amplifiers. Additionally, these results can be applied, in the context of new multi-scale methods development, to study the complex nonlinear coupled systems, such as lasers (multimode, mode-locked, random) 50 , 51 , 52 , nanostructures (light-mediated conformation of molecules and chemical reactions, Brownian motors 53 ), and other systems 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-scale polarisation phenomena

et al. 2016

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Multi-scale methods that separate different time or spatial scales are among the most powerful techniques in physics, especially in applications that study nonlinear systems with noise. When the time scales (noise and perturbation) are of the same order, the scales separation becomes impossible. Thus, the multi-scale approach has to be modified to characterise a variety of noise-induced phenomena. Here, based on stochastic modelling and analytical study, we demonstrate in terms of the fluctuation-induced phenomena and Hurst R/S analysis metrics that the matching scales of random birefringence and pump–signal states of polarisation interaction in a fibre Raman amplifier results in a new random birefringence-mediated phenomenon, which is similar to stochastic anti-resonance. The observed phenomenon, apart from the fundamental interest, provides a base for advancing multi-scale methods with application to different coupled nonlinear systems ranging from lasers (multimode, mode-locked, random, etc.) to nanostructures (light-mediated conformation of molecules and chemical reactions, Brownian motors, etc.).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern fibre Raman-based unrepeatered transmission systems use bidirectional pumping schemes 33 . The co-propagating pump and signal provide a major contribution to the pump-to-signal relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer, which also depends on the PMD value 34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale polarisation phenomena

et al. 2016

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“…With the development of optical fiber technology, novel optical fibers have been achieved, such as ultra-low-loss fiber 9,10 , large-effective-area fiber 11,12 , etc. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) after transmission over the same fiber link could be improved by reducing the link loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber for 100 Gbit/s and beyond 100 Gbit/s coherent long-haul terrestrial transmission systems

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber has been successfully applied in transoceanic transmission, which is considered as a promising candidate for 100 Gbit/s and beyond 100 Gbit/s coherent long-haul terrestrial optical networks. Several theoretical and experimental investigations have been reported, including provincial terrestrial field trial. To support long-haul terrestrial application, it is urgent to prove that the ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber after terrestrial deployment can significantly enhance the performance of long-haul transmission over 1000 km compared with the conventional single mode fiber. In this paper, we extended our previous work and summarized design methods for complex terrestrial environment. To verify the fiber characteristics in long-haul terrestrial transmission, we installed the longest terrestrial ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber link in the world with a total length of 1539.6 km. The results show that the transmission performances of wavelength-division-multiplexed signals with per-channel data rates of 100 Gbit/s, 200 Gbit/s, and 400 Gbit/s over the ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber are all obviously improved, demonstrating that this fiber is more suitable for ultrahigh-speed long-haul terrestrial transmission.

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“…As a result, it reveals the presence of a stochastic anti-resonance (SAR) phenomenon, leading to resonance-like enhancement of the gain fluctuations for short fiber lengths of 5 km with increased polarization mode dispersion (PMD) parameter D p [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Modern ultra-long (>200 km) fiber Raman-based unrepeatered transmission schemes explore bi-directional pumping schemes [19] where forward pump has a major contribution to the PMD-dependent pump-to-signal relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer [5]. Thus, such pump configuration is very important in the context of studying the contribution of random birefringence-mediated stochastic properties of FRAs including SAR phenomenon into the RIN transfer [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic phenomena in a fiber Raman amplifier

et al. 2016

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The interplay of such cornerstones of modern nonlinear fiber optics as a nonlinearity, stochasticity and polarization leads to variety of the noise induced instabilities including polarization attraction and escape phenomena harnessing of which is a key to unlocking the fiber optic systems specifications required in high resolution spectroscopy, metrology, biomedicine and telecommunications. Here, by using direct stochastic modeling, the mapping of interplay of the Raman scattering-based nonlinearity, the random birefringence of a fiber, and the pump-to-signal intensity noise transfer has been done in terms of the fiber Raman amplifier parameters, namely polarization mode dispersion, the relative intensity noise of the pump laser, fiber length, and the signal power. The obtained results reveal conditions for emergence of the random birefringence-induced resonance-like enhancement of the gain fluctuations (stochastic anti-resonance) accompanied by pulse broadening and rare events in the form of low power output signals having probability heavily deviated from the Gaussian distribution.Comment: 22 pages, 15 figure

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150 x 120 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission over 4096 km of large effective area fiber with commercial Raman DWDM system

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Multi-scale polarisation phenomena

Multi-scale polarisation phenomena

Ultra-low-loss and large-effective-area fiber for 100 Gbit/s and beyond 100 Gbit/s coherent long-haul terrestrial transmission systems

Stochastic phenomena in a fiber Raman amplifier

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