2010
DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2010.00388.x
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16. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Abstract: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a pain syndrome with an unclear pathophysiology and unpredictable clinical course. The disease is often therapy resistant, the natural course not always favorable. The diagnosis of CRPS is based on signs and symptoms derived from medical history and physical examination. Pharmacological pain management and physical rehabilitation of limb function are the main pillars of therapy and should be started as early as possible. I… Show more

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Cited by 125 publications
(79 citation statements)
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“…Following literature searches, all participants were provided with copies of existing treatment guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials prior to an in-person meeting, and similar materials published subsequent to the meeting were circulated by e-mail and reviewed [20,25,28,29,34,60,93,100,107,123,129,130,133,137,140,143]. Targeted reviews of the literature on the treatment of NP with nerve blocks (S. Raja), spinal cord stimulation (SCS) (B. Stacey), implantable treatments (S. Mackey), and neurosurgical interventions (R. Levy) were presented during the meeting.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following literature searches, all participants were provided with copies of existing treatment guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials prior to an in-person meeting, and similar materials published subsequent to the meeting were circulated by e-mail and reviewed [20,25,28,29,34,60,93,100,107,123,129,130,133,137,140,143]. Targeted reviews of the literature on the treatment of NP with nerve blocks (S. Raja), spinal cord stimulation (SCS) (B. Stacey), implantable treatments (S. Mackey), and neurosurgical interventions (R. Levy) were presented during the meeting.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 In sympathetically mediated pain, the treatment objective is to decrease and deplete noradrenaline at the postganglionic sympathetic axon. 11 In studies of acupuncture and chronic pain, ANS-mediated reductions in heart rate and blood pressure are demonstrated, suggesting shifts in sympatho-vagal balance toward vagal predominance. 12 Acupuncture needling at points in the periphery, which have a neural relationship to autonomic outflow, such as LI4, LR3, SP6, and SI3 (Figs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…International association of study of pain has defined CRPS as a collection of locally appearing painful conditions following a trauma, which chiefly occur distally and exceed in intensity and duration of the expected clinical course of the original trauma, often resulting in considerably restricted motor function. [1] Clinically, CRPS is characterized by a combination of sensory, motor, vasomotor and pseudomotor dysfunctions, along with trophic signs. Despite the disagreement in the literature regarding the exact pathophysiology, the current understanding underlines the involvement of central, peripheral, afferent and efferent mechanisms.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Afterward, a third type was added i.e., CRPS not otherwise specified (NOS), describing a syndrome only partially compling with the diagnostic criteria, in such a situation, where no other diagnosis is probable. [1] There is no proven and universally acceptable treatment protocol for managing such patients. Pharmacotherapy with a wide array of drugs[456] and physical therapy in the form of graded motor imagery therapy remains two major arms in the conservative management.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%