Abstract:Systemic inflammatory events and localized disease, mediated by the microbiome, may be measured in saliva as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnostic and prognostic biomonitors. We used a 16S rRNA V3-V5 marker gene approach to compare the saliva microbiome in DNA isolated from Oropharyngeal (OPSCC), Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) patients and normal epithelium controls, to characterize the HNSCC saliva microbiota and examine their abundance before and after surgical resection.The a… Show more
“…Leptotrichia species can cause opportunistic infections that lead to bacteremia in neutropenic patients with oral mucosal injuries [2,5] and bacteremia due to L. trevisanii after an allogeneic bone-marrow transplant [13]. Although systemic infections involving Leptotrichia species are infrequent, severe infections have been reported in immunocompromised patients [2,4,7,9,10,13–19]. Figure 1.A phylogenetic tree obtained from the MEGA (www.megasoftware.net) program based on only sequences >800 bp by neighbor joining after ClustalW alignment.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…They were also detected in patient material from tongue plaque with malodor [42], biofilms of caries, oral epithelial cells [48,49], vaginal swabs with high-risk human papillomavirus, and from HIV-positive and -negative subjects [55]. The guts of herbivorous, carnivorous, and omnivorous fish [58], tumor tissues and saliva of patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma human papillomavirus (HPV), oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma HPV, and oral cavity squamous-cell carcinoma HPV [19] all contained Leptotrichia species. They were also isolated from the bile aspirate of fish with cholelithiasis (gallstone diseases) and Opisthorchis felineus (fish-borne liver fluke infections), in pancreatitis and hepatitis C [61], and in saliva from a Behçet’s disease patient [64].…”
Section: Brief Additional Clinical Information On Leptotrichia Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A few Leptotrichia species were related to 88 incidences of various cancers [4–7,9–11,13–15,17–19,22,28,33,40,57,60,61,66,74,80,87,91], of which 43 cases had neutropenia, sepsis, and fever [4–7,9,10,12–15,17,22,24,33,87], 14 had transplant issues [4,9,10,13,16,17,22,33], 14 mucositis [4,7,9,13–15,17,22,87], 12 various lesions (6, 11, 27, 32, 37, 44, 56 64, 99), and five pneumonia [5,9,11,24,33]. The suspected port of Leptotrichia entry included mucositis, abscesses, wound infections, gingivitis, diverticulitis, peritonitis, neutropenic sepsis, and ulcers (Table 2).…”
Section: Brief Additional Clinical Information On Leptotrichia Speciesmentioning
Leptotrichia species are non-motile facultative anaerobic/anaerobic bacteria that are found mostly in the oral cavity and some other parts of the human body, in animals, and even in ocean sediments. Valid species include L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii, L. honkongensis, L. shahii, L. trevisanii, and L. wadei. Some species require serum or blood for growth. All species ferment carbohydrates and produce lactic acid that may be involved with tooth decay. Acting as opportunistic pathogens, they are involved in a variety of diseases, and have been isolated from immunocompromised but also immunocompetent individuals. Mucositis, oral lesions, wounds, and abscesses may predispose to Leptotrichia septicemia. Because identification of Leptotrichia species by phenotypic features occasionally lead to misidentification, genetic techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing is recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment of leptotrichia infections is important for positive outcomes. Over the last years, Leptotrichia species have been associated with several changes in taxonomy and new associations with clinical diseases. Such changes are reported in this updated review.
“…Leptotrichia species can cause opportunistic infections that lead to bacteremia in neutropenic patients with oral mucosal injuries [2,5] and bacteremia due to L. trevisanii after an allogeneic bone-marrow transplant [13]. Although systemic infections involving Leptotrichia species are infrequent, severe infections have been reported in immunocompromised patients [2,4,7,9,10,13–19]. Figure 1.A phylogenetic tree obtained from the MEGA (www.megasoftware.net) program based on only sequences >800 bp by neighbor joining after ClustalW alignment.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…They were also detected in patient material from tongue plaque with malodor [42], biofilms of caries, oral epithelial cells [48,49], vaginal swabs with high-risk human papillomavirus, and from HIV-positive and -negative subjects [55]. The guts of herbivorous, carnivorous, and omnivorous fish [58], tumor tissues and saliva of patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma human papillomavirus (HPV), oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma HPV, and oral cavity squamous-cell carcinoma HPV [19] all contained Leptotrichia species. They were also isolated from the bile aspirate of fish with cholelithiasis (gallstone diseases) and Opisthorchis felineus (fish-borne liver fluke infections), in pancreatitis and hepatitis C [61], and in saliva from a Behçet’s disease patient [64].…”
Section: Brief Additional Clinical Information On Leptotrichia Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A few Leptotrichia species were related to 88 incidences of various cancers [4–7,9–11,13–15,17–19,22,28,33,40,57,60,61,66,74,80,87,91], of which 43 cases had neutropenia, sepsis, and fever [4–7,9,10,12–15,17,22,24,33,87], 14 had transplant issues [4,9,10,13,16,17,22,33], 14 mucositis [4,7,9,13–15,17,22,87], 12 various lesions (6, 11, 27, 32, 37, 44, 56 64, 99), and five pneumonia [5,9,11,24,33]. The suspected port of Leptotrichia entry included mucositis, abscesses, wound infections, gingivitis, diverticulitis, peritonitis, neutropenic sepsis, and ulcers (Table 2).…”
Section: Brief Additional Clinical Information On Leptotrichia Speciesmentioning
Leptotrichia species are non-motile facultative anaerobic/anaerobic bacteria that are found mostly in the oral cavity and some other parts of the human body, in animals, and even in ocean sediments. Valid species include L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii, L. honkongensis, L. shahii, L. trevisanii, and L. wadei. Some species require serum or blood for growth. All species ferment carbohydrates and produce lactic acid that may be involved with tooth decay. Acting as opportunistic pathogens, they are involved in a variety of diseases, and have been isolated from immunocompromised but also immunocompetent individuals. Mucositis, oral lesions, wounds, and abscesses may predispose to Leptotrichia septicemia. Because identification of Leptotrichia species by phenotypic features occasionally lead to misidentification, genetic techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing is recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment of leptotrichia infections is important for positive outcomes. Over the last years, Leptotrichia species have been associated with several changes in taxonomy and new associations with clinical diseases. Such changes are reported in this updated review.
“…They are of great value for the investigation of the oral microbiota, which include many microorganism species, some of which are very difficult to culture (Wade 2013). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene has shown differences in oral microbiota diversity and composition between patients suffering from oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls (Guerrero-Preston et al 2016). Similarly, the presence of the pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the oral microbiota was associated with an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer (Fan et al 2016).…”
Section: Oral Microbiota Investigations Using Next-generation Sequencingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several studies based on the pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes from the bacterial communities of cancer patients and healthy subjects showed significant differences in their microbiota profiles (Gong et al 2013;Guerrero-Preston et al 2016;Hu et al 2016). The levels of the Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Abiotrophia, Haemophilus, Prevotella, Tannerella, Aggregatibacter, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria genera have been shown to vary between patients suffering from oral cancers and healthy controls (Gong et al 2013;Guerrero-Preston et al 2016;Hu et al 2016). However, the results between studies are often contradictory, highlighting the need to improve knowledge about the causal relationship between tumor development and oral microbiota.…”
Many studies show that the human microbiome plays a critical role in the chronic pathologies of obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and diabetes. More recently, the interaction between cancer and the microbiome has been highlighted. Most studies have focused on the gut microbiota because it represents the most extensive bacterial community, and the body of evidence correlating it with gut syndromes is increasing. However, in the strict sense, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract begins in the oral cavity, and special attention should be paid to the specific flora of this cavity. This study reviewed the current knowledge about the various microbial ecosystems of the upper part of the GI tract and discussed their potential link to carcinogenesis. The overall composition of the microbial communities, as well as the presence or absence of "key species", in relation to carcinogenesis is addressed. Alterations in the oral microbiota can potentially be used to predict the risk of cancer. Molecular advances and the further monitoring of the microbiota will increase our understanding of the role of the microbiota in carcinogenesis and open new perspectives for future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Key words: upper aerodigestive, microbiome, oral cavity, carcinogenesis.Résumé : Plusieurs études montrent que le microbiome humain joue un rôle essentiel dans les pathologies chroniques que sont l'obésité, les maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin et le diabète. Plus récemment, l'interaction entre le cancer et le microbiome a été soulignée. La plupart des études se sont concentrées sur le microbiote intestinal car il représente la communauté bactérienne la plus étendue, et l'ensemble des preuves le corrélant avec les syndromes de l'intestin est en croissance. Cependant, au sens strict, le tractus gastro-intestinal (GI) commence dans la cavité orale et une attention spéciale devrait être portée à la flore spécifique de cette cavité. Cette étude fait la synthèse des connaissances actuelles relatives à divers écosystèmes microbiens de la partie supérieure du tractus GI et discute de leur lien potentiel à la carcinogenèse. La composition globale des communautés microbiennes, de même que la présence ou l'absence « d'espèces clés » relativement à la carcinogenèse sont soulevées. Des modifications du microbiote oral peuvent potentiellement être utilisées pour prédire les risques de cancer. Les percées moléculaires et la surveillance accrue du microbiote accroitront notre compréhension du rôle du microbiote dans la carcinogenèse et ouvriront de nouvelles perspectives en vue de modalités thérapeutiques et prophylactiques futures. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
This study demonstrates that greater oral abundance of commensal Corynebacterium and Kingella is associated with decreased risk of HNSCC, with potential implications for cancer prevention.
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