17.alpha.(H)-21.beta.(H)-hopane as a conserved internal marker for estimating the biodegradation of crude oil

Prince, Roger C.; Elmendorf, David L.; Lute, James R.; Hsu, Chang Samuel; Haith, Copper E.; Senius, James D.; Dechert, Gary J.; Douglas, Gregory S.; Butler, Eric L.

doi:10.1021/es00050a019

Cited by 422 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To begin our analyses of these compounds, we used hopane as an internal standard, first normalizing each analyte concentration to the hopane concentration in that sample (36,37) and then normalizing that ratio to the corresponding ratio in source oil. We refer to these doubly normalized values as the "fraction remaining" of a given compound.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and biodegradation of oil at the ocean floor following Deepwater Horizon

Bagby

Reddy

Aeppli

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster introduced an unprecedented discharge of oil into the deep Gulf of Mexico. Considerable uncertainty has persisted regarding the oil’s fate and effects in the deep ocean. In this work we assess the compound-specific rates of biodegradation for 125 aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker petroleum hydrocarbons that settled to the deep ocean floor following release from the damaged Macondo Well. Based on a dataset comprising measurements of up to 168 distinct hydrocarbon analytes in 2,980 sediment samples collected within 4 y of the spill, we develop a Macondo oil “fingerprint” and conservatively identify a subset of 312 surficial samples consistent with contamination by Macondo oil. Three trends emerge from analysis of the biodegradation rates of 125 individual hydrocarbons in these samples. First, molecular structure served to modulate biodegradation in a predictable fashion, with the simplest structures subject to fastest loss, indicating that biodegradation in the deep ocean progresses similarly to other environments. Second, for many alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation occurred in two distinct phases, consistent with rapid loss while oil particles remained suspended followed by slow loss after deposition to the seafloor. Third, the extent of biodegradation for any given sample was influenced by the hydrocarbon content, leading to substantially greater hydrocarbon persistence among the more highly contaminated samples. In addition, under some conditions we find strong evidence for extensive degradation of numerous petroleum biomarkers, notably including the native internal standard 17α(H),21β(H)-hopane, commonly used to calculate the extent of oil weathering.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and biodegradation of oil at the ocean floor following Deepwater Horizon

Bagby

Reddy

Aeppli

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…They are found in all sediments and have been referred to as the most abundant natural products on Earth (Ourisson and Albrecht, 1992). Hopanes are strongly resistant to biodegradation and to weathering otherwise, and are therefore definitive markers of the presence of oil, former or current (Ourisson and Albrecht, 1992;Volkman et al, 1992;Prince et al, 1994;Peters et al, 2004). For the same reason, they have been used as "natural internal standards" to measure the degree of biodegradation (Prince et al, 1994).…”

Section: Mpi-1=189(2-mp+3-mp)/[p+126(1-mp+9-mp)]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hopanes are strongly resistant to biodegradation and to weathering otherwise, and are therefore definitive markers of the presence of oil, former or current (Ourisson and Albrecht, 1992;Volkman et al, 1992;Prince et al, 1994;Peters et al, 2004). For the same reason, they have been used as "natural internal standards" to measure the degree of biodegradation (Prince et al, 1994). Stereoisomers of biological origin are maturity-sensitive, degrading under thermal and pressure influence.…”

Section: Mpi-1=189(2-mp+3-mp)/[p+126(1-mp+9-mp)]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum-related hydrocarbons in deep and subsurface sediments from South-Western Barents Sea

Boitsov

Петрова

Jensen

et al. 2011

Marine Environmental Research

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Havforskningsinstituttets institusjonelle arkiv Brage IMR - Institutional repository of the Institute of Marine Research b r a g e i m rDette er forfatters siste versjon av den fagfellevurderte artikkelen, vanligvis omtalt som postprint. I Brage IMR er denne artikkelen ikke publisert med forlagets layout fordi forlaget ikke tillater dette. Du finner lenke til forlagets versjon i Brage-posten. Det anbefales at referanser til artikkelen hentes fra forlagets side. Ved lenking til artikkelen skal det lenkes til post i Brage IMR, ikke direkte til pdf-fil.This is the author's last version of the article after peer review and is not the publisher's version, usually referred to as postprint. You will find a link to the publisher's version in Brage IMR. It is recommended that you obtain the references from the publisher's site.Linking to the article should be to the Brage-record, not directly to the pdf-file. AbstractSubsurface sediments from a pockmark area in South-Western Barents Sea have been earlier found to contain elevated levels of petroleum-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This work describes a comprehensive analysis of various biomarkers, including the highly sourcespecific hopanes, in a 4.5 m long gravity core from the same area, together with subsurface sediment samples from other areas in the region without pockmarks present ("background samples"). A clear difference between the pockmark gravity core and the background sediment cores was found, both with regard to genesis and the level of transformation of organic matter. A number of indicator parameters, such as methylphenanthrene index (MPI-1), point towards a significantly higher maturity of hydrocarbons in the pockmark core throughout its length as compared to the other sampled locations. Higher contents of microbial hopanoids (hopenes) may indicate the former presence of petroleum. These findings confirm the hypothesis of a natural hydrocarbon source in the deeper strata present in the studied location with pockmarks.

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“…GC-MS was performed by the method of Wang et al (47). All values obtained with the instrument were normalized by dividing by the value obtained for 17␣(H),21␤(H)-hopane (39).…”

Section: Enrichment and Isolation Of The Pah-degrading Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria Belonging to the Genus Cycloclasticus Play a Primary Role in the Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released in a Marine Environment

Kasai

Kishira

Harayama

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

219

121

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To identify the bacteria that play a major role in the aerobic degradation of petroleum polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a marine environment, bacteria were enriched from seawater by using 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, or anthracene as a carbon and energy source. We found that members of the genus Cycloclasticus became predominant in the enrichment cultures. The Cycloclasticus strains isolated in this study could grow on crude oil and degraded PAH components of crude oil, including unsubstituted and substituted naphthalenes, dibenzothiophenes, phenanthrenes, and fluorenes. To deduce the role of Cycloclasticus strains in a coastal zone oil spill, propagation of this bacterial group on oil-coated grains of gravel immersed in seawater was investigated in beach-simulating tanks that were 1 m wide by 1.5 m long by 1 m high. The tanks were two-thirds filled with gravel, and seawater was continuously introduced into the tanks; the water level was varied between 30 cm above and 30 cm below the surface of the gravel layer to simulate a 12-h tidal cycle. The number of Cycloclasticus cells associated with the grains was on the order of 10 3 cells/g of grains before crude oil was added to the tanks and increased to 3 ؋ 10 6 cells/g of grains after crude oil was added. The number increased further after 14 days to 10 8 cells/g of grains when nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were added, while the number remained 3 ؋ 10 6 cells/g of grains when no fertilizers were added. PAH degradation proceeded parallel with the growth of Cycloclasticus cells on the surfaces of the oil-polluted grains of gravel. These observations suggest that bacteria belonging to the genus Cycloclasticus play an important role in the degradation of petroleum PAHs in a marine environment.An oil spill is one of the most serious disasters that can occur in a marine environment (22,23). In the early stage of an oil spill, the light fraction of the oil evaporates, while the heavier fraction is slowly removed by photooxidation and biodegradation (11). Microorganisms, especially bacteria, play an important role in the biodegradation of the spilled oil (28). However, the growth of oil-degrading bacteria in seawater and the resulting biodegradation of oil in seawater are limited by nutritional requirements (2, 3). Addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers has been shown to enhance the biodegradation of oil released in a marine environment (21,38,43).Oil is a complex mixture made up of hundreds of compounds, and these compounds are classified into four groups, namely, saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (12). Aromatics are the second most abundant hydrocarbons in crude oil. Benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene and their alkylsubstituted derivatives represent typical aromatics (47). Although the biodegradation of such simple aromatics as benzene, toluenes, xylenes, naphthalene, and phenanthrene has been extensively characterized (19), the biodegradation of alkyl-substituted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has scarcely bee...

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17.alpha.(H)-21.beta.(H)-hopane as a conserved internal marker for estimating the biodegradation of crude oil

Cited by 422 publications

References 14 publications

Persistence and biodegradation of oil at the ocean floor following Deepwater Horizon

Persistence and biodegradation of oil at the ocean floor following Deepwater Horizon

Petroleum-related hydrocarbons in deep and subsurface sediments from South-Western Barents Sea

Bacteria Belonging to the Genus Cycloclasticus Play a Primary Role in the Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released in a Marine Environment

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