18-Carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes

Chen, Pei-Yin; Wang, John; Lin, Yi-Chin; Li, Chien−Chun; Tsai, Chia-Wen; Liu, Te-Chung; Chen, Haw‐Wen; Huang, Chin-Shiu; Lii, Chong‐Kuei; Liu, Kaili

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.007

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…34 Additionally, activation of the intracellular kinases related to inflammatory signaling, such as ERK and PKC-θ, is associated with insulin resistance in various experimental models including PA-treated C2C12 myotubes. 24,30,35 Our present data showed that DHA, EPA, and AA dramatically obstructed both PA-induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression as well as phosphorylation of PKC-θ and ERK in C2C12 myotubes. 24,30,35 Our present data showed that DHA, EPA, and AA dramatically obstructed both PA-induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression as well as phosphorylation of PKC-θ and ERK in C2C12 myotubes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…6,7 Previous data from our and other laboratories have shown that the n-6 PUFAs linoleic acid, gamma linolenic acid and AA inhibit the PA-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and PKC-θ as well as impairment of glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. 30 The data presented herein showed that the n-3 and n-6 long-chain PUFAs could effectively inhibit PA-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway which is involved in the PAinduced inflammation and insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, these test long-chain PUFAs ameliorated the PAinduced decrease in glucose uptake in basal and insulinstimulated C2C12 myotubes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…30 The LightShift Chemiluminescent EMSA Kit and synthetic biotin-labeled, double-stranded consensus oligonucleotides of NF-κB (5′-AGTTGAGGGGACTTTCCCAGGC-3′) were used to measure the effects of long-chain PUFAs on PA-induced NF-κB nuclear protein-DNA binding activity. 30 The LightShift Chemiluminescent EMSA Kit and synthetic biotin-labeled, double-stranded consensus oligonucleotides of NF-κB (5′-AGTTGAGGGGACTTTCCCAGGC-3′) were used to measure the effects of long-chain PUFAs on PA-induced NF-κB nuclear protein-DNA binding activity.…”

Section: Isolation Of Nuclear Protein and Emsamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids amend palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes

Chen

et al. 2016

Food Funct.

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Intramuscular lipid accumulation results in inflammation, which is correlated with impaired insulin action in the skeletal muscle, an important organ for glucose uptake in the body. In this study, we explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA), and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on palmitic acid (PA)-induced inflammatory responses and insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. The mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in PA-treated myotubes was suppressed by these three test long-chain PUFAs. Moreover, the addition of long-chain PUFAs decreased PA-induced insulin resistance as evidenced by increases in phosphorylated AKT and glucose uptake. In PA-treated myotubes, long-chain PUFAs improved glucose transporter 4 expression, basal glucose uptake without insulin, and the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Of note, the long-chain PUFAs obstructed the effects of PA on the activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase C-θ as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1. The inhibitory effect of AA but not of DHA and EPA on PA-induced inflammation and impaired insulin action was cancelled in C2C12 myotubes transfected with a constitutively active mutant IκB kinase-β plasmid. These data suggest that long-chain PUFAs may be useful in the management of PA-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in myotubes. In addition to the NF-κB pathway, other mechanisms are involved in the health benefits of DHA and EPA in PA-treated myotubes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Isolation Of Nuclear Protein and Emsamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids amend palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes

Chen

et al. 2016

Food Funct.

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“…Elevated arachidonic acid (AA) and its 5-LOX products LTB4, LTD4, and 5-HETE have previously been shown to trigger apoptosis and suppress NFκB cell survival and are linked to hyperlipidemic inflammation [ 97 , 98 ]. We also saw a decrease in anti-inflammatory 18:3n3 and 18:2n6 with a WD [ 99 , 100 ]. However, this decrease may be due to a shift in dietary PUFA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced cognitive function, increased blood-brain-barrier transport and inflammatory responses, and altered brain metabolites in LDLr -/-and C57BL/6 mice fed a western diet

et al. 2018

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Recent work suggests that diet affects brain metabolism thereby impacting cognitive function. Our objective was to determine if a western diet altered brain metabolism, increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport and inflammation, and induced cognitive impairment in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and low-density lipoprotein receptor null (LDLr -/-) mice, a model of hyperlipidemia and cognitive decline. We show that a western diet and LDLr -/- moderately influence cognitive processes as assessed by Y-maze and radial arm water maze. Also, western diet significantly increased BBB transport, as well as microvessel factor VIII in LDLr -/- and microglia IBA1 staining in WT, both indicators of activation and neuroinflammation. Interestingly, LDLr -/- mice had a significant increase in 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose uptake irrespective of diet and brain 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed increased lactate and lipid moieties. Metabolic assessments of whole mouse brain by GC/MS and LC/MS/MS showed that a western diet altered brain TCA cycle and β-oxidation intermediates, levels of amino acids, and complex lipid levels and elevated proinflammatory lipid mediators. Our study reveals that the western diet has multiple impacts on brain metabolism, physiology, and altered cognitive function that likely manifest via multiple cellular pathways.

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“…Oleic acid has been shown to abrogate NF-κB signaling in LPSstimulated RAW 264.7 cells 23 and β-AP-stimulated PC12 cells 24 . α-linolenic acid was also reported to inhibit the NF-κB activation of C2C12 myotubes stimulated by palmitic acid 27 . Taken together, it is likely that inhibitory effects of emu oil on LPS-induced production of TNF-α and NO are, at least in part, due to unsaturated fatty acids in the oil, although the present study did not assess the contribution of each fatty acid or the activity of transcription factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Emu Oil Reduces LPS-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide and TNF-α but not Phagocytosis in RAW 264 Macrophages

Miyashita¹,

Minami

Ito

et al. 2018

J. Oleo Sci.

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Emu is the second-largest extant bird native to Australia. Emu oil, obtained from the emu's fat deposits, is used as an ingredient in cosmetic skincare products. Emu oil has been reported to improve several inflammatory symptoms; however, the mechanisms of these anti-inflammatory effects are largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of emu oil on the inflammatory macrophage response in vitro. A murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264, was incubated in culture media supplemented with or without emu oil and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We determined phagocytic activity by measuring the number of fluorescent microspheres taken up by the cells. The phagocytic activity of RAW 264 cells in the presence of LPS was unaffected by emu oil. We also determined production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the culture medium using the Griess reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) using western blotting. The results indicated that emu oil reduced the LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α, and iNOS expression in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that emu oil does not reduce the phagocytic clearance rate of inflammatory matter; however, it does reduce the production of NO and TNF-α in macrophages. These latter products enhance the inflammatory response and emu oil thereby demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties.

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18-Carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids amend palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids amend palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes

Reduced cognitive function, increased blood-brain-barrier transport and inflammatory responses, and altered brain metabolites in LDLr -/-and C57BL/6 mice fed a western diet

Emu Oil Reduces LPS-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide and TNF-α but not Phagocytosis in RAW 264 Macrophages

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