18th century lead smelting in central north America: Evidence from lead isotope and INAA measurements

Farquhar, R. M.; Walthall, John A.; Hancock, R. G. V.

doi:10.1016/s0305-4403(95)80149-9

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The lead isotopic composition of sample 18.9 is consistent with the composition of lead mined from the Missouri, Illinois and Virginia regions (Farquhar et al . ), while samples 18.2 and 12.2 plot closer to galena found in veins of southern Quebec and northern New York state. However, we have found no evidence for organized mining of these veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…There is ample documentation for a small production of lead metal from mining operations in Missouri, Illinois and Virginia in the early 1800s (Mississippi Valley–type carbonate‐hosted, lead–zinc deposits; cf., Farquhar et al . ), along with the manufacture of lead white in New York and Philadelphia as early as the 1820s (Pulsifer ). Figure compares the lead isotope compositions of the three outlying Krieghoff pigments with those of galena derived from Mississippi Valley–type deposits in Missouri, Illinois and Virginia (Farquhar et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure compares the lead isotope compositions of the three outlying Krieghoff pigments with those of galena derived from Mississippi Valley–type deposits in Missouri, Illinois and Virginia (Farquhar et al . ), as well as with small lead deposits in Quebec and northern New York state (Carignan et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 207 Pb/ 204 Pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb (a) and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb (b) isotope plots of Krieghoff samples and Dutch Masters' lead white pigments (Fortunato et al ), compared with (shaded areas) lead isotope data for lead mines and galena‐bearing veins from northern New York (NY) and Quebec (QC) from Carignan et al (), and Mississippi Valley–type lead mines of Missouri (MI) and Illinois (IL) from Farquhar et al (). The Farquhar et al () study also includes lead artefacts from an 18th‐century archaeological site that span a similar range of lead isotope compositions as the Krieghoff samples. The highly radiogenic lead isotope compositions from the Krieghoff samples are consistent with the addition of lead derived from the Missouri/Illinois mines of 19th‐century North America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pb and Sr Isotopes and the Provenance of the Painting Materials of Cornelius Krieghoff in 19th‐Century Canada

Stevenson¹,

Moffatt

Corbeil

et al. 2015

Archaeometry

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Radiogenic lead and strontium isotope data are presented for lead‐ and calcium carbonate/barium sulphate‐containing paint and ground samples from 15 paintings, executed between 1844 and 1871, by 19th‐century Canadian artist Cornelius Krieghoff. Like many artists of this era, Krieghoff used lead‐based pigments such as lead white, chrome yellow and Naples yellow, and extenders such as calcium carbonate and barium sulphate. The lead isotope analyses of the majority of these pigments are consistent with the isotopic compositions of lead mined from European lead deposits in England and/or Germany. However, three samples from Krieghoff's early career yield lead isotope compositions that are much more radiogenic than European sources. The lead isotope compositions of these three samples are consistent with the addition of a more radiogenic lead component that is similar to the lead derived from North American lead deposits in Missouri and Illinois (Mississippi Valley Pb–Zn type deposits). The strontium isotope compositions of the extenders suggest that the raw materials for calcium carbonate or barium sulphate extenders were largely derived from Palaeozoic to modern‐day marine environments. This study shows that pigments manufactured from North American lead were being incorporated into Canadian paintings as early as 1844.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pb and Sr Isotopes and the Provenance of the Painting Materials of Cornelius Krieghoff in 19th‐Century Canada

Stevenson¹,

Moffatt

Corbeil

et al. 2015

Archaeometry

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“…Isotopic heterogeneities across a large ore district do not necessarily preclude lead isotope compositions from pinpointing the source of a metal artefact to an individual ore deposit within that district. For example, Fletcher (1980, 1984), Farquhar et al (1995) have successfully provenanced artefacts to UMV ore deposits in a number of studies. To use the UMV as a model for Mediterranean ore bodies would be a false comparison.…”

Section: Ore Deposits: Homogeneity Of Lead Isotope Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal provenancing using isotopes and the Oxford archaeological lead isotope database (OXALID)

Stos-Gale¹,

Gale²

2009

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

227

102

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This paper reviews the research into the methodology of lead isotope provenance studies carried out at the University of Oxford between 1975 and, at first in the Department of Geology (Geological Age and Isotope Research Laboratory), later in the Isotrace Laboratory based in the Department of Nuclear Physics, and eventually part of the Research Laboratory of Archaeology and the History of Art. These 27 years of intensive work, funded initially by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk, and later from numerous UK Government and Charitable funds and finally by the Institute of Aegean Prehistory laid the foundations of the lead isotope provenance methodology and resulted in a large database of analytical isotope and elemental results. In spite of the efforts of the authors, this database is still not comprehensively published or easily accessible in a digital format by all researchers interested in using this method for their projects. The possibilities of advancing this situation are discussed. The authors discuss in detail the basic restrictions and advantages of using the lead isotope compositions of ores in mineral deposits for finding the origin of the raw materials used for making ancient artefacts. Methods for the scientific interpretation of the data are discussed, including attempts to use statistical methods. The methodology of creating the Oxford lead isotope database (OXALID) is outlined and a summary is given of the lead isotope resource provided by OXALID.

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Atomic Spectroscopy for Forensic Applications

Grant

Peters

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Forensic science is a discipline that evolved from the interaction between law enforcement and the scientific community. The typical operating budget of laboratory facilities created to support law enforcement is often far below what is necessary for practical modernization. Hence, routine analyses that require low maintenance and can be readily performed with practical experience were quickly instituted as standard procedures in many such laboratories. As an example, atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy has served the forensic community for over 40 years and continues to work effectively for such diverse applications as gunshot powder residue analysis and toxicological examinations in suspected heavy metal poisoning cases. These and other traditional forensic applications have also utilized other forms of spectrochemical analysis such as neutron activation. The advantage of the various forms of atomic spectroscopy over these other methods lies in the practical considerations of accessibility and cost as much as in sampling requirements and detection limits. From well established AA methods to the increasing number of forensic applications being developed for laser ablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA/ICPMS), modern atomic spectroscopy has proven itself to be a compelling and evolving tool in the investigation of forensic evidence.

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18th century lead smelting in central north America: Evidence from lead isotope and INAA measurements

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Pb and Sr Isotopes and the Provenance of the Painting Materials of Cornelius Krieghoff in 19th‐Century Canada

Pb and Sr Isotopes and the Provenance of the Painting Materials of Cornelius Krieghoff in 19th‐Century Canada

Metal provenancing using isotopes and the Oxford archaeological lead isotope database (OXALID)

Atomic Spectroscopy for Forensic Applications

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