196. The quantitative determination of galactose, mannose, arabinose, and rhamnose

Hirst, E. L.; Jones, J. K. N.; Woods, EF

doi:10.1039/jr9470001048

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…It was crystallized as the hydrate: [a]" +11-14" (c 0.36), mp 87-92'; mmp 86-91" with an authentic sample, mp 86-90'. The benzoylhydrazone (Hirst et al, 1947) had mp and rnmp 188-189" with an authentic specimen of L-rhamnose benzoylhydrazone. The neutral sugars Values on both sides of the maximum are omitted to save space, but the supernatants from these tubes were usually added to those at the maximum and used for the analyses in the footnotes below.…”

Section: Recocery Of's VII From Its Precipitate With Anti-pnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific capsular polysaccharide of type VII Pneumococcus

Tyler¹,

Heidelberger²

1968

Biochemistry

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A U S r K A c 1': 'The specitic capsular polysaccharide of type VI1 Pneutiiococcus (S VII) is composed of Dgalactose, D-glUcOSe, L-rhamnose, and the N-acetyl derivatives of D-glucosamine and galactosamine (probably D-), roughly in the ratios 4:2:3:2:2. The sugars were isolated in crystalline form. Galactose, glucose, and glucosamine are destroyed by oxidation of S VI1 with periodate and specific precipitation in type VI1 antisera is abolished. The cross-reactions of diverse T e pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides, determinants of the immunological type specificity of this large group of microorganisms, offer ideal material for exploration of the relation between chemical constitution and immunological specificity (for reviews, c;f: Heidelberger, 1956Heidelberger, , 1960. Because of the variety of cross-reactions shown by antipneumococcal (antiPn) type VI1 sera, studies of the capsular polysaccharide of type VI1 Pneuniococcus (S VII) were initiated. Preliminary hydrolyses by s. A. Barker in this laboratory indicated the presence of galactose, rhamnose, amino sugar, and possibly glucose. In a preliminary report (Tyler and Heidelberger, 1962) we characterized Dgalactose, o-glucose, and L-rhamnose, and tentatively identified galactosamine and glucosamine. These and additional experiments are now presented together with quantitative data on the homologous precipitin reaction and the cross-reactions of numerous polysaccharides in anti-Pn VI1 sera. Certain structural features of S VI1 are deduced from the data.

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Section: Recocery Of's VII From Its Precipitate With Anti-pnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific capsular polysaccharide of type VII Pneumococcus

Tyler¹,

Heidelberger²

1968

Biochemistry

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“…melted at 188'; the mixed melting poht being unchanged. The presence of galactose was coafirmed as follows : 108 mg were converted into the 1-methyl-1-phenyl hydrazone (Hirst, Jones & Woods, 1947) and the white crystals recrystallized from ethanol; m.p. 183-184' (reported 186').…”

Section: Genera2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of 3-Ketoglycosides formed from Disaccharides by Certain Bacteria

Bernaerts¹,

Ley²

1960

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY: Bacteria, provisionally called Alcaligenes faecalis, oxidize lactose,MlaltoBe and the corresponding bionates aerobically to 8-ketoglycosides. Several propedes of the pure Compounds are described, as well as the arguments, leading to the pmpoded chemical formula.In a prelhinary paper (Bernaerts & De Ley, 1958) we announced the discovery of 8-ketoglycosides, formed by the action of some bacteria on lactose, maltose and the corresponding bionates. In the paper accompanying the present one (Bernwrts & De Ley, 1960) we described the procedure for the formation and isolation of these new compounds. The present report gives a description of the experiments which lead to the proposed structure of these substances. METHODSPrepration and pri@dim of the oxidation products. The methods have been described in the foregoing paper (Bernaerts & De Ley, 1960). The compounds were prepared by aerobic fermentation with a strain of bacteria presumed to be Ahligmtt faecalis. The oxidation products of lactose (RL), lactobionate (RLB) and maltobionate (RMB) were obtained in good yield in the culture media and used chiefly in the chromatographically pure state.As the yield of the oxidation product from maltose (RM) was always very small, it was not purified. P a F c h r e p a p h y .The following solvents were currently used to separate mixtures of sugars: the top layer of ethyl acetate, pyridine, water Other solvents were occasionally used and will be mentioned in the text.Aldohexoses were revealed with p-anisidine HCl in la-butanol, lactones with the spray reagent of Abdel-Akher & Smith (1951). Most of the classical sprays for reducing sugars were also used. However, the o-phenylenediamine HCl spray (Lanning & Cohen, 1951) for revealing reducing substances and keto-functions was preferred, since a variety of specific colours was obtained.Mixktres of aldohexuses of the order of 100mg. or more were separated with a Gryoksbo filter-paper column described by Hagdahl & Danielson (1954).

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“…To 10 ml. of the sugar solution the phenylhydrazine reagent of Hirst, Jones & Woods (1947) was added and the mannose estimated as phenyl- (1948), a column of Whatman no. 1 cellulose, 20 x 2 cm., was prepared by breaking up the filter paper in water-saturated collidine in a Waring blender and transferring to the column with gentle suction.…”

Section: Hydrolysi8 With N-8ulphuric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the more soluble complexes of soil organic matter. 2. The composition of the soluble polysaccharide fraction

Forsyth

1950

Biochemical Journal

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141 together they may represent over 90 % of the products. There is present about 5 % of the epoxy acid, but little or no monoacyl esters and little or no coloured, resinous oils and the acids forming the scission products also appear to be absent or nearly so. 5. At all the above temperatures the products give evidence for the presence of #-ketonic acids and considerable volumes of carbon dioxide and water vapour are evolved. This apparent chain oxidation and degradation is regarded as being brought about by peroxides present in small amounts and formed from the unsaturated keto acids which are the initial products whose formation is probably catalysed by certain metals.

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196. The quantitative determination of galactose, mannose, arabinose, and rhamnose

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Specific capsular polysaccharide of type VII Pneumococcus

Specific capsular polysaccharide of type VII Pneumococcus

The Structure of 3-Ketoglycosides formed from Disaccharides by Certain Bacteria

Studies on the more soluble complexes of soil organic matter. 2. The composition of the soluble polysaccharide fraction

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