1994 Compilation of Analytical Data for Minor and Trace Elements in Seventeen GSJ Geochemical Reference Samples, “Igneous Rock Series”

Imai, Noboru; Terashima, Shigeru; Itoh, Sadahiko; Ando, Atsushi

doi:10.1111/j.1751-908x.1995.tb00158.x

Cited by 430 publications

(335 citation statements)

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“…Otherwise, our AFAD data for the four reference materials were in agreement with the previous results. Note that positive Ho spikes observed in all figures and negative Nb spikes in JB-2 originated from the low and high recommended (compiled) values of Imai et al (1995), respectively, as has been noted by previous studies (Shimizu et al, 2011;Awaji et al, 2006) (see also Fig. 3).…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

“…For JB-2, the element abundances obtained by both methods were nearly identical and reproducibility was better for JB-2 than for the granitoids. These indicate that AFAD is also applicable to depleted arc basalts, like JB-2, in which trace element contents are very low (Imai et al, 1995). …”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The detection limits for AFAD were about 10 times those for AD because of high blank levels from the alkali flux. Effects of the blanks from the Pt crucible were limited for the elements affected by interference from GSJ recommended values;Imai et al, 1995) Impurities in procedural blanks for both methods are shown in Table S3. In the AFAD blanks, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, Ce and Pb originated from the alkali flux were detected at nanogram-levels or higher.…”

Section: Procedural Blanks and Detection Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection limits for AFAD were about 10 times those for AD because of high blank levels from the alkali flux. Effects of the blanks from the Pt crucible were limited for the elements affected by interference from AFAD (this study) Shimizu et al, 2011Awaji et al, 2006Imai et al, 1995 AD (this study) AFAD (this study) Shimizu et al, 2011Awaji et al, 2006Imai et al, 1995 AD (this study) AFAD (this study) Shimizu et al, 2011Awaji et al, 2006Imai et al, 1995 Imai et al, 1995) …”

Section: Procedural Blanks and Detection Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These reference samples have been rigorously analyzed by AF methods (Shimizu et al, 2011;Awaji et al, 2006) and recommended values were reported (Imai et al, 1995). AD method was also used for comparison.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a rapid, effective sample digestion method for trace element analysis of granitoid samples containing acid-resistant minerals: Alkali fusion after acid digestion

2014

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Alkali fusion after acid digestion method (AFAD) was used for determination by ICP-MS of twenty-five trace elements (Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Pb, Th, U, and rare earth elements) in four silicate reference materials (JG-1a, JG-2, and JG-3 granitoids and JB-2 basalt) from the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ). Results were compared with those obtained by acid digestion (AD) method. Our results are in excellent agreement with previously reported data obtained by fusion methods. The reproducibility of replicate analyses is better than 5% (1σ) for all the elements, except Rb, Cs, and Pb in JG-2.Keywords: silicate digestion method, trace element abundance, silicate reference material, alkali fusion INTRODUCTIONAcid-resistant minerals, such as zircon, fluorides and chromite make rocks difficult to dissolve completely, leading to poor bulk rock trace element analysis. Although minor components, these minerals strongly affect bulk rock chemical composition because of the high abundance of Zr, Hf, and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The most widely accepted method for dissolving bulk rock powders is acid digestion (AD) with HF, HNO 3 , and HClO 4 (e.g., Yokoyama et al., 1999). However, acidresistant minerals are insoluble even with the use of Teflon bombs in microwave digestion technique (e.g., Jarvis and Jarvis, 1992;Yu et al., 2001) and fusion of rock powders with alkali flux up to 900°C is often used (e.g., Jarvis and Jarvis, 1992;Yu et al., 2001). Fusion methods are subject to matrix-induced instability during analyses owing to increased matrix elements from the flux (e.g., Li, B, C and Na). Pt or zirconium crucibles used for hightemperature fusion are another source of contamination. All these factors must be accounted for a correct application of fusion methods. Roser et al. (2000) proposed a method, referred to as Alkali Fusion after Acid Digestion (AFAD). This method consists of AD with HF-HClO 4 in a Pt-crucible, followed 100 R. Senda et al.ing at progressively increasing temperature up to 160°C (Fig. 1). The total time required to prepare 12 samples by AFAD was ~6 h, including preparations for ICP-QMS analyses. ICP-QMS analysisICP-QMS analysis was performed on an Agilent 7500ce at IFREE/JAMSTEC (Supplementary Table S2) following Nakamura and Chang (2007). Calibration solutions (1, 10, 100, and 1000 pg/g) were prepared by gravimetric serial dilution (Table S1). For AD, the sample solutions were diluted 5,000-30,000 fold with a mixed solution of 2% HNO 3 and 0.1% HF by weight containing 1 ng/mL internal standard 115 In and 209 Bi. To reduce the effects of high C and Na concentrations in the matrix, we used >20,000 fold dilution for AFAD. Calibration solutions for AFAD were prepared by addition of standard solutions to the procedural blank solution prepared with the samples to match the matrix.Although the instrumental conditions were adjusted to maintain the best balance between high sensitivity and low oxide formation, we had to correct for overlaps between the spectra of oxides and hydroxides for some ...

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supporting

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Procedural Blanks and Detection Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection limits for AFAD were about 10 times those for AD because of high blank levels from the alkali flux. Effects of the blanks from the Pt crucible were limited for the elements affected by interference from AFAD (this study) Shimizu et al, 2011Awaji et al, 2006Imai et al, 1995 AD (this study) AFAD (this study) Shimizu et al, 2011Awaji et al, 2006Imai et al, 1995 AD (this study) AFAD (this study) Shimizu et al, 2011Awaji et al, 2006Imai et al, 1995 Imai et al, 1995) …”

Section: Procedural Blanks and Detection Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a rapid, effective sample digestion method for trace element analysis of granitoid samples containing acid-resistant minerals: Alkali fusion after acid digestion

2014

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Environmental rock‐magnetism of Cenozoic red clay in the South Pacific Gyre

Shimono

Yamazaki

2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Nonfossiliferous red clay can be used for elucidating long‐range environmental changes, although such studies were limited so far because of the difficulty in precise age estimation and extremely low sedimentation rates. We conducted an environmental rock‐magnetic study of Cenozoic red clay at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1365 in the South Pacific Gyre. Magnetostratigraphy could be established only above ∼6 m below the seafloor (mbsf) (∼5 Ma). Below ∼6 mbsf, the ages of the cores were transferred from the published ages of nearby Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 596, which is based mainly on a constant Cobalt flux model, by intercore correlation using magnetic susceptibility and rare earth element content variation patterns. Rock‐magnetic analyses including first‐order reversal curve diagrams, the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization susceptibility to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), and IRM component analyses revealed that magnetic minerals consist mainly of biogenic magnetite and terrigenous maghemite, and that the proportion of the terrigenous component increased since ∼23 Ma. We consider that the increase reflects a growth of eolian dust flux associated with a northward shift of Australia and the site to an arid region of the middle latitudes. The increase of the terrigenous component accelerated after ∼5 Ma, which may be associated with a further growth of the Antarctic glaciation at that time. This is coeval with the onset of the preservation of magnetostratigraphy, suggesting that the primary remanent magnetization is carried by the terrigenous component.

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Varying responses to Indian monsoons during the past 220 kyr recorded in deep‐sea sediments in inner and outer regions of the Gulf of Aden

et al. 2015

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Although the climate in the Arabian Sea is controlled primarily by the southwest monsoon, the southwest monsoon has little influence in the Gulf of Aden. To examine the different responses to monsoons between the Gulf of Aden and areas outside the gulf, a comprehensive data set of bulk organic and inorganic geochemistry, sea surface temperature, and δ15N of pheopigments was obtained from deep‐sea sediment cores recovered from inner and outer regions of the gulf. The results indicated that during the past 220 kyr, the influence of the southwest monsoon was stronger in the outer region of the gulf than in the inner region, which implies that the southwest monsoon trajectory has not changed substantially during that time period. Furthermore, influxes of O2‐depleted water from the Southern Ocean and the lateral advection of upwelled seawater also had limited influence in the inner region. In contrast, concentrations of lithogenic materials transported by the southwest monsoon were similar in the two regions. δ15N of pheopigments indicated that during the last glacial maximum, the southwest monsoon was weaker and the northeast monsoon was stronger than at present. A stronger southwest monsoon during interglacials enhanced primary productivity and may have caused anoxic conditions to develop in the Arabian Sea, as indicated by redox proxies in the outer region. Anoxic conditions also formed during MIS 3, but no increase in the primary productivity is indicated; therefore, another mechanism, such as an influx of O2‐depleted water from the Southern Ocean, may have been the cause.

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1994 Compilation of Analytical Data for Minor and Trace Elements in Seventeen GSJ Geochemical Reference Samples, “Igneous Rock Series”

Cited by 430 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of a rapid, effective sample digestion method for trace element analysis of granitoid samples containing acid-resistant minerals: Alkali fusion after acid digestion

Evaluation of a rapid, effective sample digestion method for trace element analysis of granitoid samples containing acid-resistant minerals: Alkali fusion after acid digestion

Environmental rock‐magnetism of Cenozoic red clay in the South Pacific Gyre

Varying responses to Indian monsoons during the past 220 kyr recorded in deep‐sea sediments in inner and outer regions of the Gulf of Aden

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