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Abstract

The aim of this study is to find out the density of the fecal bacteria and to analyze resistance to antimicrobials of Gram negative bacilli isolated from the Kucukcekmece Lagoon, Istanbul. Samples were taken monthly from June 2006 to June 2008 and a total of 232 Gram negative bacilli were isolated. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin, streptomycin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid were used in antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Susceptibility to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole was also examined in only integron-bearing organisms. The antibiotic resistance tests resulted in bacteria being the most resistant against ampicillin (76.29%) and the most sensitive against amikacin (93.56%). Of 232 isolates, 20 (8.6%) coliforms harbored class 1 and/or class 2 integrons. DNA sequencing showed that variable regions of the integrons harbored various gene cassettes; dfrA12, dfrA15, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, bla OXA-30 and sat2. Integrons were found in bacteria from all sampling areas except 12 and D3.In this study, the determination of bacterial identification of the species of Gram negative bacilli and their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in the Kucukcekmece Lagoon for the first time was investigated. A finding indicates that there is a heavy fecal pollution in this lagoon environment, which might probably be resulted from the intensive anthropogenic facilities. The risk to public health could be the transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants from the bacterial isolates to normal microbiota bacteria of humans unless the effective precautions such as water treatment plants are taken. tetrasiklin, nalidiksik asit, ampisilin, imipenem, seftazidim, amikasin, streptomisin ve amoksisilin+klavulanik asit kullanılmıştır. Trimetoprim+sulfametoksazola yatkınlık da sadece integron taşıyan organizmalar için incelenmiştir. Antibiyotik direnç sonuçlarına göre bakterilerin en dirençli olduğu antibiyotik ampisilin (%76,29) ve en hassas olduğu antibiyotik ise amikasin (%6,44) olarak bulunmuştur. 232 izolatın 20 si (%8,6) sınıf 1 ve / veya sınıf 2 integron barındırmıştır. DNA sekanslama sonucunda, integronlara ait değişken bölgelerin barındırdığı gen kasetlerinin, DfrA12, dfrA15, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaOXA-30 ve sat2 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bakterilere ait bu integronlar 12 ve D3 nolu istasyonlar dışındaki tüm örnekleme bölgelerinde bulunmuştur.Bu çalışmada, Küçükçekmece Lagünü'nde Gram negatif bakteri türlerinin identifikasyonu ve antibiyotik direnç profili ile ilgili çalışma ilk kez yapılmıştır. Muhtemelen yoğun antropojenik girdilerin sonucu olarak Lagün'de ağır bir fekal kirlilik olduğu görülmüştür. Atık su arıtma tesisleri gibi etkili önlemler alınmazsa, insanların normal mikrobiotasında yer alan bakteri izolatlarına, antibiyotik direnç genlerinin aktarımı ile halk sağlığı riski oluşması olasıdır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Gram negatif basiller, antibiyotik direnci, integron, Küçükçekmece Lagünü, İstanbul, Türkiye.

Antibiotic Resistance in an Indian Rural Community: A ‘One-Health’ Observational Study on Commensal Coliform from Humans, Animals, and Water

“…Van den Bogaard et al and others have shown that the selective pressure on the commensal microflora due to antibiotic misuse determine the frequency and pattern of resistance in a population [16]. The relatively cheap and commonly prescribed drugs commonly favour high co-resistance [17,18]. …”

Su Kaynaklarında Antibiyotik ve Ağır Metal Direncinin Küresel Sorunu, Gelevera Deresi’nin İncelemesi (Giresun, Türkiye)

“…In addition, it was determined that the rate of isolates exceeding the CAA reference value was 88% and the isolates had a high level of heavy metal resistance (Sipahi et al, 2013). Fecal bacterial density and resistance to antibiotics of a total of 232 Gram-negative bacteria isolated in Küçükçekmece Lagoon (Istanbul) are as follows: ampicillin 76.3%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 36.9%, streptomycin 20.7%, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline 16.8%, ceftazidime 16.4%, chloramphenicol 9.4%, imipenem 6.8% and amikacin 6.4% (Sivri et al, 2012). In another study, similar results were acquired by Mercimek Takci et al, (2021) who stated that MAR and MHMR index of 21 E. coli strains isolated from Seve Dam and Konak Pond, Kilis were recorded as 0.187 and 0.202, respectively.…”