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Rácz, Paul; Diallo, Mawlouth; Brey, Paul T.

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-3-39

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For example, a longitudinal study in Burkina Faso found that season is an independent determinant of gametocyte prevalence and density and that it is significantly higher in the wet season compared to the dry season [9]. Furthermore, analysis of three historical data sets from different regions with seasonal malaria (Thailand, Tanzania and Nigeria) suggests that the intense seasonal pattern of uninfected mosquito bites during annual rains is associated with elevated gametocyte prevalence and can ignite transmission [59]. More recently, it has been shown that gametocytes produced at the start of the transmission season in Burkina Faso are more infectious to mosquitoes than those during the peak of the transmission season or the dry season [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Season and Gametocyte Dynamics in Chronic Plasmodium falciparum Infections

et al. 2016

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IntroductionIn a markedly seasonal malaria setting, the transition from the transmission-free dry season to the transmission season depends on the resurgence of the mosquito population following the start of annual rains. The sudden onset of malaria outbreaks at the start of the transmission season suggests that parasites persist during the dry season and respond to either the reappearance of vectors, or correlated events, by increasing the production of transmission stages. Here, we investigate whether Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte density and the correlation between gametocyte density and parasite density show seasonal variation in chronic (largely asymptomatic) carriers in eastern Sudan.Materials and MethodsWe recruited and treated 123 malaria patients in the transmission season 2001. We then followed them monthly during four distinct consecutive epidemiological seasons: transmission season 1, transmission-free season, pre-clinical period, and transmission season 2. In samples collected from 25 participants who fulfilled the selection criteria of the current analysis, we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RT-qPCR to quantify parasite and gametocyte densities, respectively.Results and DiscussionWe observed a significant increase in gametocyte density and a significantly steeper positive correlation between gametocyte density and total parasite density during the pre-clinical period compared to the preceding transmission-free season. However, there was no corresponding increase in the density or prevalence of total parasites or gametocyte prevalence. The increase in gametocyte production during the pre-clinical period supports the hypothesis that P. falciparum may respond to environmental cues, such as mosquito biting, to modulate its transmission strategy. Thus, seasonal changes may be important to ignite transmission in unstable-malaria settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Season and Gametocyte Dynamics in Chronic Plasmodium falciparum Infections

et al. 2016

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“…[31] applied the idea of Paul et al . [32] on the influence of mosquito saliva modulating malaria parasites in the human body. However, the amounts of mosquito bites in Dutch spring and early summer were almost negligible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental, therapeutic and natural transmission of Plasmodium vivax tertian malaria: scientific and anecdotal data on the history of Dutch malaria studies

Verhave

2013

Parasites Vectors

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When Plasmodium vivax tertian malaria was prevalent in The Netherlands, the use of therapeutic malaria for the treatment of neurosyphilis patients presented an opportunity for biological studies of the parasite’s behaviour, in healthy volunteers. One unexplained phenomenon was the long latency between natural exposure to a single infected mosquito and the appearance of clinical signs (average 8 months). Dutch studies with volunteers and syphilis patients, suggested that hundreds of sporozoites transmitted by several mosquito bites were enough to provoke an early attack, known from tropical vivax-malaria. Sporozoites appeared to be programmed either to delay their pre-erythrocytic development or to proceed to an early attack within three weeks. The number of infectious bites also determined the relapse rate and the number of relapses after a primary attack. Analyses of primary cases and relapses from the previous year were used to predict the incidence for the next year. These historic findings fit well with recent studies on genotyping of blood stages during primary attacks and relapses. External factors (i.e. the milieu inside the human host) may trigger hypnozoites to reactivate, but predetermined periods of latency should also be considered.

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“…Malaria, in fact, is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where it accounts for more than 250 million cases annually, the vast majority of which occurs among children under 5 years old [10]. Transmission can occur throughout the year or be seasonal, depending on the region [11]. In the latter case, transmission seasons for VL and malaria may not coincide, but the two diseases still overlap, due to the longer incubation period of VL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis-Malaria Coinfection and Their Associated Factors in Patients Attending Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Suggestion for Integrated Vector Management

Ferede

Diro

Getie

et al. 2017

Malaria Research and Treatment

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Background Despite high prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and malaria in the study area, their coinfection remains unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to document VL-malaria coinfections and their associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical suspected VL patients attending Metema hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from January 2014 to June 2014. Blood sample was tested by rk39 antigen-based DiaMed IT-Leish dipstick and Giemsa stain microscopic examination of thick and thin blood smears for malaria detection was performed. Result A total of 384 VL suspected patients were included in the study. Out of these, the prevalence of VL was 83 (21.6%) while the prevalence of malaria was 45 (11.7%). Of malaria cases, 40 (89%) were positive for P. falciparum and 5 (11%) positive for P. vivax. The overall prevalence of VL-malaria coinfection was 16 (4.2%). One-hundred eighty (46.9%) study participants have history of travel. Of these, 10 (5.6%) have VL-malaria coinfections. Age less than 5 years was associated with VL-malaria coinfection. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of performing malaria screening amongst VL patients living in malaria-endemic areas, particularly in patients under five years.

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Untitled

Cited by 44 publications

References 49 publications

Associations between Season and Gametocyte Dynamics in Chronic Plasmodium falciparum Infections

Associations between Season and Gametocyte Dynamics in Chronic Plasmodium falciparum Infections

Experimental, therapeutic and natural transmission of Plasmodium vivax tertian malaria: scientific and anecdotal data on the history of Dutch malaria studies

Visceral Leishmaniasis-Malaria Coinfection and Their Associated Factors in Patients Attending Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Suggestion for Integrated Vector Management

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