1H NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling of Urine from Mice Fed Lentinula edodes-Derived Polysaccharides

Abstract

of the most important components responsible for the bioactivities of L. edodes. In our previous studies, a new type of heteropolysaccharide, named L2, was obtained from the fruit body of L. edodes with an average molecular weight of 26 KDa but without triple-helix conformation [Xu et al., 2012]. In vitro, L2 increased the production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 of RAW 264.7 cells in a wide range of pH circumstances with the involvement of toll-like receptor 2 [Xu et al., 2012]. Further studies demonstrated that L2 still exhibited immunostimulating activity by altering the spatial structure of gut microbiota and differentially affecting gene as well as protein expressions in adult mice [Xu & Zhang, 2015; Xu et al., 2015a; Xu et al., 2016]. Moreover, L2 displayed anti-aging activity by restoring the age-attenuated immune responses and partly reversing the age-related composition of gut microbiota [Xu et al., 2015b]. In order to better understand the acting mechanism of L2 and to further mine new functions of L2, NMR-based metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the urine metabolic profi les of the adult mice with L2 intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS Animal protocols and materials The detail processes of animal experiments were described in our previous report [Xu & Zhang, 2015]. Briefl y, fourteen 8-week specifi c pathogen-free male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the normal group (n=7) and the L2-treated group (n=6), respectively. Gavage administration of L2 (40 mg/kg

Effect of simulated transport vibration on the quality of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) during storage

“…In Asian countries, shiitake mushroom ( Lentinus edodes ) is one of the most economically important varieties of edible mushrooms owing to its unique flavor and texture. Furthermore, shiitake mushrooms have many beneficial effects on human health, including antitumor (Ya, 2017), antiaging (Xu et al., 2017), and antioxidant effects (Zhu et al., 2018). Expansion of the supply chain due to market globalization escalates the risk of prolonged exposure of fresh shiitake mushrooms to vibrations occurring during transport.…”

iTRAQ-based Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of the Regulatory Mechanisms on Immune Functions and Blood Lipids in Aged Mice Fed with Lentinula edodes-Derived Polysaccharides

“…For instance, L2 reduced the diversity and evenness of gut microbiota in adult mice while elevating the diversity and evenness of gut microbiota in aged mice [19,22]. Further urinary metabolomic analysis also confirmed the differential physiological impacts of L2 on adult and aged mice [78,79]. The differences also suggested that the regulatory mechanism might be bacterial-specific since gut microbiota could modulate the protein expression exhibiting hetero-phenotypes in multiple tissues in mice [80].…”

Extraction of essential oils from tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) using betaine‐based deep eutectic solvent (DES)

“…12 Betaine, or trimethylglycine, is an amino acid derivative that occurs naturally in plants and has anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and moisturizing properties. 13,14 Betaine-based DESs have been developed to effectively extract catechins and flavanols from green tea and preserve the extract over a longer period of time compared to aqueous and organic solvent extractions. 15 We recently reported that natural products such as limonene and hibaene can be effectively extracted from Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) using betaine-based DESs.…”