2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction as exponential growth phase marker for mammalian cells in culture and for myeloma hybridization experiments

Otero, Anselmo; Rodríguez, I; Falero, Gustavo

doi:10.1007/bf00373031

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The cells were then resuspended in fresh LM17 medium and incubated at 30 °C with shaking for 1 h. After appropriate dilution in 0.9% NaCl, the cells were plated on TTC medium to obtain single colonies. TTC can be reduced to the red compound triphenylformazan in nonacidic conditions, and colonies forming no acid, in our case lactate, appear as dark red on such plates …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

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From Waste to Taste—Efficient Production of the Butter Aroma Compound Acetoin from Low-Value Dairy Side Streams Using a Natural (Nonengineered) Lactococcus lactis Dairy Isolate

Liu

Chen

Dorau

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis is widely used in dairy fermentations as it can form the butter aroma compounds acetoin and diacetyl from citrate in milk. Here we explore the possibility of producing acetoin from the more abundant lactose. Starting from a dairy isolate of L. lactis biovar diacetylactis, we obtained a series of mutants with low lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity. One isolate, RD1M5, only had a single insertion mutation in the ldh gene compared to its patental strain through whole genome re-sequencing analysis. We tested the ability of RD1M5 to produce acetoin in milk. With aeration all the lactose could be consumed, and the only product was acetoin. In a simulated cheese fermentation, a 50% increase in acetoin concentration could be achieved. RD1M5 turned out to be an excellent cell factory for acetoin and was able to convert lactose in dairy waste into acetoin with high titer (41 g/L) and high yield (above 90% of the theoretical yield). Summing up, RD1M5 was found to be highly robust, and to grow excellently in milk or dairy waste. Being natural in origin opens up for applications within dairies as well as for safe production of food-grade acetoin from low-cost substrates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…TTC can be reduced to the red compound triphenylformazan in nonacidic conditions, and colonies forming no acid, in our case lactate, appear as dark red on such plates. 12 Whole Genome Resequencing. Genome resequencing of RD01 and RD1M5 was carried out by BGI (HongKong) using the Illumina Hiseq platform.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Waste to Taste—Efficient Production of the Butter Aroma Compound Acetoin from Low-Value Dairy Side Streams Using a Natural (Nonengineered) Lactococcus lactis Dairy Isolate

Liu

Chen

Dorau

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…It is a redox indicator, which is used to distinguish between metabolically active and sedentary tissues. The white coloured 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduced to pink/red coloured 1,3,5-triphenyl formazan (TPF) in the presence of living tissues due to the activity of various enzymes important in cellular metabolism [45,46] . 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride at concentration >0.125% did not show any inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth and concentrations <0.003% did not exhibit a change in colour [47] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Phytochemical Estimation and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Ethanol Extracts of Heliconia rostrata

Moonmun¹

2017

ijps

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Moonmun, et al.: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Heliconia rostrataRhizomes of Heliconia rostrate, (family: Heliconiaceae) have been well known for antiophidic property. Ethnobotanically, rhizome of this plant has also been used to cure jaundice, intestinal pain and hypertension. This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial potency of two extracts of rhizomes of H. rostrata to find out the one, which exhibited better activity. Methanol and ethanol extract of the dried and defatted rhizomes were prepared and were subjected to qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents, antioxidant assay and antibacterial evaluation. The methanol extract was found to give better yield than the ethanol extract. All phytoconstituents detected in the methanol extract were found in the ethanol extract also except for the glycoside content, which was found only in the methanol extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was higher in the ethanol extract compared to the methanol extract, whereas total tannin content was higher in the methanol extract. Both ethanol and methanol extracts exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial potency. The antioxidant activities of both extracts were found to be equal, while the ethanol extract exerted significantly higher antibacterial activity compared to the methanol extract. Key words: Heliconiaceae, rhizome, phytoconstituents, antioxidant, antimicrobialMedicinal plants offer alternative therapies with spectacular opportunities [1] . Heliconia rostrata, popularly known as false bird of paradise and hanging lobster claw (family: Heliconiaceae) is a shrub that is reported to contain calcium, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, iron, phosphorous, chlorine, sulphur, sugar, carbohydrate, starch and protein [2] . This plant is reported to be well known for antiophidic property [3] . Ethnobotanically, the traditional people of Malaysia used these rhizomes to cure jaundice, intestinal pain and hypertension [4] . However, not much of experimental evidence was documented.Oxygen, the most important component for the survival of living being is highly reactive and can do serious damage to healthy cells of the body as a free radical. Oxidation produces free radicals, which can start chain reactions in the cell leading to cell damage and even cell death [5] . An antioxidant terminates these radical reactions by removing free radical intermediates, which causes ageing and disease like atherosclerosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and CNS disorders [6] thus, play a vital role in inhibiting or delaying the oxidation at the cellular level [7] . Synthetic antioxidants, butylatedhydoxytoluene (BHT), butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) are being evaluated in many countries for their potential health hazard and have been found to promote liver damage and causing cancer to laboratory animals [8] . In comparison, the plant sources prove to have less or no side effect [6] , thus channelizing the interest towards the nature for antioxidant potency.Re...

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“…Applications of these nanoparticles may stand on the redox properties of the TTC/TF couple, accompanied by color change, as have been used at a molecular level for the detection of bacteria, to quantify reducing carbonyl groups in cellulose, to determine mammalian cell growth, and to sense metal ions . The stabilized TF nanoparticles may be easily incorporated in devices and matrices from aqueous suspensions, as for example in hydrogels .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Totally Organic Redox-Active pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Stabilized by Amphiphilic Aromatic Polyketones

et al. 2018

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Amphiphilic aromatic polymers have been synthesized by grafting aliphatic polyketones with 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid at different molar ratios via the Paal-Knorr reaction. The resulting polymers, showing diketone conversion degree of 16%, 37%, 53%, and 69%, have been complexed with the redox-active 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, a precursor molecule with which aromatic-aromatic interactions are held. Upon addition of ascorbic acid to the complexes, in situ reduction of the tetrazolium salt produced 1,3,5-triphenylformazan nanoparticles stabilized by the amphiphilic polymers. The stabilized nanoparticles display highly negative zeta potential [-(35-70) mV] and hydrodynamic diameters in the submicron range (100-400 nm). Nonaromatic polyelectrolytes or hydrophilic aromatic copolymers showing low linear aromatic density and high linear charge density such as acrylate/maleate and sulfonate/maleate-containing polymers were unable to stabilize formazan nanoparticles synthesized by the same method. The copolymers studied here bear uncharged nonaromatic comonomers (unreacted diketone units) as well as charged aromatic comonomers, which furnish amphiphilia. Thus, the linear aromatic density and the maximum linear charge density have the same value for each copolymer, and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance varies with the diketone conversion degree. The amphiphilia of the copolymers allows the stabilization of the nanoparticles, even with the copolymers showing a low linear aromatic density. The method of nanoparticle synthesis constitutes a simple, cheap, and green method for the production of switchable totally organic, redox-active, pH-sensitive nanoparticles that can be reversibly turned into macroprecipitates upon pH changing.

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2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction as exponential growth phase marker for mammalian cells in culture and for myeloma hybridization experiments

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

From Waste to Taste—Efficient Production of the Butter Aroma Compound Acetoin from Low-Value Dairy Side Streams Using a Natural (Nonengineered) Lactococcus lactis Dairy Isolate

From Waste to Taste—Efficient Production of the Butter Aroma Compound Acetoin from Low-Value Dairy Side Streams Using a Natural (Nonengineered) Lactococcus lactis Dairy Isolate

Quantitative Phytochemical Estimation and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Ethanol Extracts of Heliconia rostrata

Totally Organic Redox-Active pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Stabilized by Amphiphilic Aromatic Polyketones

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